北美消费者碰撞安全评级标准 联邦新车前碰撞安全评级 (NCAP) l 联邦新车侧碰撞安全评级 (LINCAP) l 全美车辆保险机构前碰撞安全评级 (IIHS 偏置碰撞)* l 全美车辆保险机构侧碰撞安全评级 (IIHS 侧撞)* l * 保险机构碰撞实验过程和结果将通国家电视网(NBC)公布于众，影响巨 大。（与陆风在德国的遭遇类似） l “消费者报道”杂志推荐等级
NCAP: New Car Assessment Program Five stars indicate the best protection for vehicles within the same weight class. Head and chest injury data are combined into a single rating and reflected by the number of stars. The ratings represent a vehicle's relative level of crash protection in a head-on collision. Vehicles should be evaluated against other vehicles within their own weight class. Vehicles are crashed into a fixed barrier at 35 mph, which is equivalent to a head-on collision between two identical vehicles, each moving at 35 mph. Instrumented dummies in the driver and front seat passenger seats register forces and impacts during the crash. These measures form the basis for the "Star Ratings" chart. Frontal Impact Star Rating = 10% or less chance of serious injury = 11% to 20% chance of serious injury = 21% to 35% chance of serious injury = 36% to 45% chance of serious injury = 46% or greater chance of serious injury
Lateral Impact New Car Assessment Program Drivers and passengers in the side crash rating receive a one to five star rating, with five stars indicating the best performance. The side crash star ratings are assigned based in the chance of a life threatening chest injury for the driver, the front seat passenger, and the rear seat passenger. Head injury is not measured in the side crashes. The test configuration represents an intersection type collision with a 3015 pound deformable barrier moving at 38. 5 mph into the stationary struck vehicle. In the stationary vehicle, instrumented dummies in the driver and rear seat passenger seats register forces during the crash. These measures form the basis for the "Star Ratings" chart. Side Impact Star Rating 27 ° = 5% or less chance of serious injury = 6% to 10% chance of serious injury = 11% to 20% chance of serious injury = 21% to 25% chance of serious injury = 26% or greater chance of serious injury
NHTSA Static Rollover NHTSA has added rollover resistance ratings to NCAP. The rating is a first order estimate of the risk of rolling over in a single-vehicle crash. The rollover resistance star ratings are not based on a physical crash but rather a calculation of the vehicle’s Static Stability Factor (SSF). The SSF is one half the track width divided by the center of gravity height. Rollover Resistance Star Rating TW/2 h. CG = Less than 10% risk of rollover = 10% to 20% risk of rollover = 20% to 30% risk of rollover = 30% to 40% risk of rollover = Greater than 40% risk of rollover
IIHS: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety is an independent, non-profit research and communications organization funded by automobile insurers and dedicated to reducing highway crash deaths and injuries. The IIHS conducts a variety of vehicle safety evaluations for consumer information, with significant emphasis on rating the crashworthiness of vehicles. G Good A Acceptable M Marginal P Poor
IIHS – Frontal Offset 偏置碰撞 The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), recognizing the limitations of the fullfrontal crash test used by NHTSA, uses a frontal offset crash test similar to tests used by the Australian and European New Car Assessment Programs (Euro-NCAP and ANCAP). Offset tests challenge a vehicle's structure more than full-frontal tests do, providing more information on passenger safety in the most common kinds of collisions. The IIHS began using its 40% offset, 40 mph test in 1995, ranking results into four categories based on the amount of protection from serious injury. G Good A Acceptable M Marginal P Poor
跟陆风德国 遭遇类似 福特 F 150 例子 1997 虽然 NCAP 5 星， IIHS 极差 Poor， 大幅度影响消售 2003 福特重新设计，达到 Good 评分 Source: IIHS website
IIHS – Side Impact 31 mph Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB) • The cart is similar to the FMVSS 214 cart but with several modifications • The wheels are aligned to allow a perpendicular impact • The deformable mounting plate has been raised 100 mm higher off the ground and extended 200 mm taller than a standard FMVSS 214 cart. • The mass of the cart is 1500 kg
Safety Criteria and Protocol for “Recommended Buy”
Ratings & Reviews 1. 2. 3. Ratings are based on more than 45 tests performed at it’s 327 acre test facility Annual subscriber survey on 17 trouble areas gathers data from 800 K plus vehicles. Reliability forecast based on data from latest 3 MY’s. Crash Safety Performance is imported from test results obtained by NHTSA (Frontal, Side & Rollover NCAP) and IIHS (Frontal-offset & Side Impact)
Recommended Buy Ownership Performance Owner Satisfaction Safety Depreciation Predicted Reliability • Fuel Economy • Acceleration • Controls & Display • Transmission • Cargo Volumes • Handling • Braking • Ride • Noise • Climate Control Systems • Headlight Performance • Seating Comfort Annual NCAP IIHS • Electrical • Bumper Impact • Accessibility • Visibility (17) Problem Areas • Engine • Driving Position • Safety Equipment Subscriber Surveys • Ignition Front Side Rollover Offset Side • Driveline • Hardware • Etc…
Performance Testing l l l Acceleration Transmission Handling Braking Ride Noise Driving Position Bumper Impact Safety Equipment Accessibility Visibility l l l Controls & Display Cargo Volumes Fuel Economy Headlight Performance Seating Comfort Climate Control Systems
Tier - 1 1. Vehicles must “Perform well” in CR testing & evaluation program 2. Have average or better predicted reliability based on subscriber surveys. 3. If crash tested, must have “Good” overall crash protection based on a CR composite rating and a “no tip” condition in NCAP rollover test.
Tier - 2 1. 2. 3. Meet all of the Tier – 1 requirements Vehicle must have been tested in both the frontal-offset & side crash tests performed by the IIHS. Have “Very Good” or “Excellent” overall crash protection based on CR composite rating. Tier-2 is intended to provide extra level of assurance for consumers who place the highest priority on crash protection
“Recommended Buy” Crash Metrics
CR Overall “Crash Protection Rating” An overall Crash Protection Rating (CPR) requires both tests be performed (with or without SAB’s)
Consumer Report TOP–PICK Small Sedan A “Top Pick” is awarded annually from the recommended buys in the “Annual Auto Issue” (Released in April) which awards the All-Around High Performer that scored at or near the top among competitor vehicles in each class. Small SUV Minivan • Fun to Drive • Green
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