Zionism Y GOALS The spiritual and political renewal

Zionism Y GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine. Y Freedom from Western anti. Semitism. Theodore Herzl 1860 -1904

First Zionist Conference, 1897 Y Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896. Y Met in Basel, Switzerland. Y Creates the First Zionist Congress. Y Becomes an international Jewish organization. Y “Next Year in Jerusalem!”

The Ottoman Empire in WW 1

T. E. Lawrence [1888 -1935] “Lawrence of Arabia, ” The Legend Begins

The Arab Revolt: 1916 -1918

Hussein-Mc. Mahon Letters, 1915. . Britain is prepared to recognize and uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontiers proposed by the Sharif of Mecca. . Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…

The League of Nations Mandates

“New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge! Z Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan. Z Prince Abdullah “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinct geographic regions]. Z The House of Saud put on the throne of the newly-created Saudi Arabia. Z The Pahlavi Family put on the throne of a new Iran. Z Mustafa Kemal leads a military/nationalist movement in Turkey.

The Middle East Between the Wars

Essential Question: How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after 1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs in the Middle East today?

Palestine Was Part of the Ottoman Empire

Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 × In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine. × By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System Y First one founded in 1908. Y Communal living. Y “Make the Desert Bloom!”

1929 Arab Riots IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”] Jewish Immigration 1919 1, 806 1931 4, 075 1920 8, 223 1932 12, 533 1921 8, 294 1933 37, 337 1922 8, 685 1934 45, 267 1923 8, 175 1935 66, 472 1924 13, 892 1936 29, 595 1925 34, 386 1937 10, 629 1926 13, 855 1938 14, 675 1927 3, 034 1939 31, 195 1928 2, 178 1940 10, 643 1929 5, 249 1941 4, 592 1930 4, 944

Palestine Arab Revolt: 1936 -1939 Their Goals: Z An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. Z An end to the transfer of lands to Jewish owners. Z A new “general representative government. ” The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

British White Paper of 1939 ¯ Limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75, 000 over the next five years. ¯ It ended Jewish land purchases. ¯ Independence for Palestine within 10 years. ¯ It is NOT British policy that Palestine become a Jewish state.

Hitler’s “Final Solution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

The Nazi Holocaust N 6, 000, 00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps. ]

Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

Aliyah Bet § Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. § The Exodus, 1947.

Palestine Population in 1946

Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”? ) Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org. ] Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann, 1 st President David Ben-Gurion, 1 st Prime Minister

War Begins!: May 15, 1948

Arab Refugees, 1948 The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

Armistice Signed, 1949

Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

Palestinian Refugees Palestinian Diaspora

Suez Crisis (1956) Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt

Six-Day War (1967) ¯ UN Resolution 242 ¯ UN Resolution 338

Palestine Liberation Organization Yassir Arafat

Yom-Kippur War (Oct. , 1973)

Camp David Accords (1979) President Anwar Sadat of Egypt President Prime Minister Jimmy Carter. Menachem Begin of the U. S. Of Israel

Camp David Accords (1979)

Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987 -1993)

The Expansion of Israel