Z 39 50 Profiles The Bath Profile William

Z 39. 50 Profiles The Bath Profile William E. Moen <wemoen@unt. edu> School of Library and Information Sciences University of North Texas Denton, TX 72603 ZIG Meeting Leuven, Belgium July 2000 Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000

Profiles An auxiliary standards mechanism o Defines a subset of specifications from one or more standards o Goal of profiles is to improve interoperability o o Profiles are useful for: o o William Moen prescribing how Z 39. 50 should be used in a particular application environment solving interoperability problems with existing Z 39. 50 implementations within a community or across two or more communities Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 2

Profiles Z 39. 50 Specifications lete Comp 0 Z 39. 5 ns io cificat Spe ü ü ü 0 Z 39. 5 e Profil William Moen ü ü Represents community consensus on requirements Identifies Z 39. 50 specifications to support those requirements Improves search and retrieval results Aids in purchasing decisions Provides specifications for vendors to build Z 39. 50 products Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 3

A Plethora of Z 39. 50 Profiles! o Library applications profiles o o o Other information communities’ profiles o o The GILS Profile (government information) The CIMI Profile (cultural heritage) The Geo Profile (geospatial) Application-support profiles o o The Bath Profile (International) ONE-2 and CENL Profiles (Regional and Project) Dan. ZIG Profile (National) Union Catalogue Profile Zthes Profile (thesaurus profile) Check the Z 39. 50 Maintenance Agency site William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 4

Interoperability: The Fundamental Problem o Ability of client to successfully search and retrieve information in a meaningful way o Key issue when searching multiple databases containing similar resources o Difficult problem when searching databases containing diverse types of resources o Z 39. 50 profiles provide a solution William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 5

Threats to Interoperability è Differences in implementation of the standard è Differences in local information retrieval systems o o William Moen Z 39. 50 cannot improve searchability of resources It can only support what local and remote systems offer Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 6

Levels of Interoperability o Low-level protocol (syntactic) o o High-level protocol (functional) o o do Z-client and Z-servers interchange PDUs according to standard? do Z-client and Z-servers support appropriate Z 39. 50 services for user tasks Semantic level o William Moen can Z-clients and Z-servers and local IR systems preserve and act on meaning of IR tasks Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 7

Interoperability and Z 39. 50 Searching o Issues o o o Use attributes supported (Z 39. 50 Implementation) Differences in indexing, searchable fields available, search support, etc. (Local IR System) Implications o o William Moen Different results from similar databases implemented on separate Z-servers Different results on same database when searched locally or through Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 8

Interoperability and Z 39. 50 Retrieval o Issues o o o Z 39. 50 Record Syntaxes supported (Z 39. 50 Implementation) Capability of local IR system to prepare records in one or more formats for interchange (Local IR System) Implications o William Moen Clients and servers may or may not be able to interchange records Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 9

The Bath Profile: An International Z 39. 50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery, Release 1. 1 Internationally Registered Profile (IRP) o Enables effective use of Z 39. 50 in a range of library applications: o o o William Moen Search and retrieval from library catalogues Search and retrieval of bibliographic holdings info Cross-domain searching Item ordering and document delivery Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 10

Evolution towards Bath ATS-1 Profile (1995) o CENL Profile (1997) o Dan. ZIG Profile (1997) o MODELS Profile (1997) o ONE Profile (1997) o Virtual Canadian Union Catalogue Profile (1998) o The Z Texas Profile (1999) o William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 11

Structure of the Profile o Modular o Groups related requirements and specifications o Defines 3 Functional Areas o o Functional Area A: Basic Bibliographic Search & Retrieval Functional Area B: Bibliographic Holdings Search & Retrieval Functional Area C: Cross-Domain Search & Retrieval Defines several Conformance Levels William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 12

Bath Profile Functional Area A o Basic Bibliographic Search o Conformance Level 0 (4 searches) o Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name Heading o Title Search — Keyword o Subject Search — Keyword o Any Search — Keyword o o Browsing Indexes o o Conformance Level 1 (15 searches) 6 Scans specified Basic Bibliographic Retrieval o o William Moen Combination of UNIMARC or MARC 21, and SUTRS and/or XML Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 13

Summary of Bib-1 Attributes Required Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 4, 21, 31, 1003, 1007, 1016 title, subject heading, date of publication, author, identifierstandard, any Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, greater than Position (3) 1, 3 first in field, any position in field Structure (4) 1, 2, 101 phrase, word, normalized Truncation (5) 1, 100 right truncation, do not truncate Completeness (6) 1, 3 William Moen incomplete subfield, complete field Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 14

Bath Profile Functional Area B Bibliographic Holdings Search and Retrieval o Requires new Holdings Schema o Conformance Level 1 defines two Element Set Names o o Locations Only Locations, Summary Information, and Count if available Work on this functional area will be completed in Fall 2000. William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 15

Bath Profile Functional Area C Cross-Domain Search and Retrieval o Defines two levels o o Conformance Level 0 (4 searches) o Creator Search — Keyword o Title Search — Keyword o Subject Search — Keyword o Any Search — Keyword o Level 1 (9 searches) SUTRS and XML as record syntaxes o Dublin Core DTD for XML record syntax o Conformance Level 2 will specify Cross Domain and Utility Attribute Sets o William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 16

Addressing Interoperability o Identify searching requirements (tasks) o Several levels of searching: recall-oriented, precisionoriented Defining the searches (semantics and behavior) o Specifying Z 39. 50 query to represent the search o o o Standard combination of Z 39. 50 Attribute Types and Values Clients must send all attribute type values specified Servers must be able to process all values Suggested mapping and indexing of local systems (e. g. , MARC fields to index, etc. ) William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 17

Level 0 Title Keyword Search Uses: Searches for complete word in a title of a resource. Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Names Use (1) 4 Title Relation (2) 3 Equal Position (3) 3 Any Structure (4) 2 Word Truncation (5) Completeness (6) William Moen 100 1 Do not truncate Incomplete subfield Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 18

Level 1 Title First Words in Field Uses: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user. Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Names Use (1) 4 Title Relation (2) 3 Equal Position (3) 1 First in field Structure (4) 1 Phrase Truncation (5) Completeness (6) William Moen 100 1 Do not truncate Incomplete subfield Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 19

Bath as Core Specifications o National and regional profiles based on the Bath Profile o o o Dan. ZIG Profile ONE-2 Profile CENL Profile o Compatible supersets of Bath o Addressing how different profiles will work together o o William Moen Bath and CIMI Bath and GILS Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 20

Z Texas and Bath o Z Texas Profile o o Z Texas as companion profile to Bath Z Texas as compatible superset of Bath Final revisions to Z Texas to harmonize with Bath o Continuing development on Texas-specific requirements: o o o for searching for retrieval for addressing other types of information A US National Profile – developed by NISO William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 21

Next Steps: Indexing Guidance o Prescribing Z 39. 50 implementation specifications is half the battle o Developing indexing and mapping guidance is necessary o Can we as a community define a standard way to index bibliographic data? William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 22

Next Steps: Assuring Quality of Products o Approaches o o Taking the vendor’s word for it Conformance testing Interoperability testing Challenges of interoperability testing o o William Moen Rigorous methodology Tests for different levels of interoperability Metrics for benchmarks and comparison Setting up an interop testbed Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 23

Z Texas and Bath Profile Resources o Bath Profile o Copy of draft profile http: //www. ukoln. ac. uk/interop-focus/activities/z 3950/int_profile/bath/draft/ o Listserv for Discussion ZIP-PIZ-L (subscribe by sending message to: LISTSERV@INFOSERV. NLC-BNC. CA) o Z Texas Profile o Project Website o TZIG Member List http: //www. tsl. state. tx. us/ld/projects/z 3950/committee. htm o Texas Z 39. 50 Listserv http: //www. tsl. state. tx. us/ld/projects/z 3950/list. htm William Moen Z 39. 50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 24