Yury Gagarin Made by Alexandrа Ustyuzhaninа, first-year student of the Institute of Civil Protection
On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin made history by being the first human to orbit the earth. Early life and education Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in the village of Klushino, Gzhatsk district of the Western region of the RSFSR. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation during the World War II. Klushino was occupied in November 1941 during the German advance on Moscow, and an officer stayed in the Gagarin's house. The family was allowed to build a mud hut, approximately 3 by 3 metres inside, behind their house; they spent almost two years in it until the end of the occupation. In 1946, the family moved to Gzhatsk, where Gagarin continued his secondary education.
At the age of 16 in 1950, Gagarin entered Lubertsy trade school to become a foundryman and also went to a local school for working youth at the seventh grade. After graduating from both secondary and vocational schools in 1951, he was selected for further training at the Saratov Industrial Technical School, where he learned a trade of a tractor driver. In Saratov Gagarin trained at a local aeroclub, where he learned to fly - first in a biplane and later in a Yak-18. He also earned extra money as a part-time dock laborer on the Volga River.
Career in the Soviet Air Force Having finished the technical school in 1955, Gagarin was drafted into the Soviet Army. Gagarin was sent to the First Chkalov Air Force Pilot's School in Orenburg. There he performed his first solo flight in a Mi. G-15 in 1957. On 7 November 1957 Gagarin graduated from Orenburg Pilot's School. He was assigned to the Luostari airbase in Murmansk region, close to the Norwegian border, where terrible weather made flying risky.
In 1960, after long and hard selection, Yuri Gagarin was chosen with 19 other pilots for the Soviet space program. Gagarin was further picked out for an elite training group known as the Sochi Six; the first cosmonauts of the Vostok programme were chosen in this group. Gagarin and other prospective candidates were subjected to experiments to test their physical and psychological endurance; he also underwent training for the upcoming flight. Out of the twenty selected, Gagarin and Gherman Titov were got out for the first spaceflight.
The first space flight This flight marked the first time that a human entered outer space, as well as the first orbital flight. Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program, and was designed by Soviet engineers. The spaceflight consisted of a single orbit of the Earth. As Gagarin's rocket accelerated towards the space, it reached a peak of 5 g's, meaning Gagarin felt five times heavier than his normal weight. As Gagarin passed through the lower atmosphere, the Vostok rocket final stage shut down, ten seconds later the spacecraft separated and Vostok 1 reached the orbit. Gagarin reported, "The craft is operating normally. Everything is proceeding as planned".
At about 10: 15 a. m. , just after Gagarin started passing over Africa, the autopilot turned "Vostok 1" around and fired the rocket, which would take Vostok 1 out of orbit. This was a very suspenseful and nervous time for Yury Gagarin and mission control, for two out of the five test flights, the rockets did not fire correctly and the flights ended in failure. Luckily, this time, it worked correctly and Vostok 1 came out of orbit and was slowed down by 350 miles per hour. As the capsule came out of orbit, the equipment section was dropped, because it was no longer needed. Now all that was left of the 125 -ft. rocket, launched just over an hour ago, was a 7 1/2 -ft diameter capsule. As it fell 17, 000 mph. towards earth, Gagarin experienced 10 gs, and felt like a 1, 500 -pound brick falling from the sky. With a flight time of about 1 hour and 48 min. , Gagarin landed safely in Siberia.
Father, Alexei Ivanovich Gagarin (1902 -1973), a carpenter. Mother, Anna Matveeva (1903 -1984), a milkmaid.
March 1965. Yuri Gagarin with his wife Valentina, daughters Lena and Galya
On 27 March 1968, during a routine training flight, Gagarin was tragically killed in a plane crash.
Sources: 1) Y. A. Gagarin, V. I. Lebedev. Psychology and space. - Molodaya Gvardiya, 1968. 2) Y. A. Gagarin. Road to space - Pravda, 1961. 3) http: //www. warheroes. ru 4) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin
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