XI. The Manhattan Project: - Project by the U. S. to create an atomic bomb. - Truman becomes president but knows nothing about the project. He then has to make the decision of dropping the bomb.
A. Hiroshima: August 6, 1945 - First Japanese city hit with an atomic bomb. - Little Boy – the name of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
- Enola Gay – name of the plane that dropped Little Boy.
Hiroshima 08: 15 hrs, August 6 th 1945
Before take-off, the crew relax
The Flight-Crew
“Little Boy”
Reversing the Enola Gay over the bomb loading bay
Loading “Little Boy”
“Little Boy” was dropped with a parachute from an altitude of 9, 600 meters – about five miles. It exploded 600 meters above ground.
- The air temperature at the point of explosion exceeded a million degrees Celsius. - Temperatures on the ground at the hypocentre rose to 3, 000 - 4, 000ºC. - The abrupt change in atmospheric conditions created a giant mushroom cloud.
"A bright light filled the plane, we turned back to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful cloud. . . boiling up, mushrooming. " Colonel Paul Tibbets, the pilot, later.
The mushroom cloud climbed to 10, 000 meters. "Look at that!" Robert Lewis, the co-pilot
“My God, what have we done? ” - Robert Lewis
Dead: 66, 000 Injured: 69, 000
B. Nagasaki: August 9, 1945 - 2 nd atomic bomb dropped. - Fat Man: name of 2 nd atomic bomb
Before “Fat Man” After
XII. V-J Day August 15, 1945 - Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced the end of the war in a radio broadcast. - Japan was stripped of its military. - U. S. forces the Emperor to admit he is not God to the Japanese.
Sept 2, 1945 Surrender aboard USS Missouri
Party Time In The USA! Here comes the “baby boom”!
World War II: The War At Home
I. Women in the War Effort A. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corp (WAAC) 1. 250, 000 women joined 2. Est. by Army Chief of Staff (Gen Marshall) 3. Women volunteered for noncombat roles such as medics and secretaries. 4. Some flew planes to shipping sites throughout the country.
B. Rosie the Riveter: nickname given to women who replaced men in factories.
II. African Americans in the War Effort 1. Blacks and some other minorities are put in segregated units. 2. Most black soldiers were put in noncombat roles until the last year of the war. 3. Tuskegee Airmen: - 1 st black fighter pilots - Honored for their effort
III. Japanese Americans during WWII A. Interment Camps - Executive Order #9066 - Japanese containment camps on west coast of the U. S. - To control of Japanese Americans to prevent spying.
- Over 100, 000 Japanese Americans were put in these camps. - Most people in these camps were natural U. S. citizens. - These people lost all of their property and businesses. - They were reimbursed by Congress in 1965.
IV. Sacrifices on the Homefront A. Liberty Bonds - Loans to government B. Office of Price Administration (OPA) 1. Froze prices to prevent inflation 2. Collected taxes to help pay for the war
3. Organized rationing of food, gasoline, and textiles Black Market: became popular in order to buy rationed items
C. War Production Board (WPB) 1. Organized industries to produce wartime goods. 2. Organized recycling drives for metal and clothing. D. Censorship and Propaganda 1. 1 st Amendment rights were suspended if someone said something negative about the war effort. 2. Patriotic propaganda was used to encourage people to support the war effort
XVI. Results of WWII 1. Creation of the United Nations.
2. Germany was split into four sections controlled by: - Soviet Union - Britain - France - United States
3. Nuremberg Trials: 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial for “crimes against humanity”
4. Japan - lost its right to have a military - Rebuilt with a government and economy similar to the U. S.
5. Ended the Great Depression
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