X-band FEL Project Tests at Califes A Latina

X-band FEL Project: Tests at Califes A. Latina (CERN) for the X-band FEL Collaboration

The X-band FEL Collaboration The Xb. FEL Collaboration is an initiative started between 2013 -2014, among several International Labs and Industries aimed at promoting the use and application of X-band technology for the construction of the next generation FEL based photon sources. http: //xbandfel. web. cern. ch/ ST CERN TU STFC SINAP VDL OSLO IASA UU ASLS UA-IAT ULANC LNF Kyma Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy. CERN Geneva, Switzerland. Eindhoven Technical Univeristy, Netherlands Daresbury Laboratory Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK Shangai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China. VDL ETG T&D B. V. , Eindhoven, Netherlands. University of Oslo, Norway. National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia. Institute of Accelerator Technologies, Ankara, Turkey. Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. Frascati National Laboratory, INFN, Italy Undulators production, Italy-Slovenia 2

Now: Compac. Light Collaboration dedicated to the development of inexpensive and compact X-ray sources, Compton scattering and XFEL, for national, university and industrial scale facilities. Exploit recent developments of X-band high-gradient technology to: • increase short pulse and high repetition rate performance • decrease size and cost of photon-science infrastructure. XBox test facility 100 MV/m accelerating structure Bunch characteristics in X-band FEL 3

Objectives Overall goals: • Compact • Cheap • “High” rep rate, short pulses • Power conscious FEL(s) • Consistent design(s) • Project “ambition” from gun to light • Industry availability of components. 4

New opportunities Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2016‐ 2017 Research Infrastructures (RIs) 5 Calls – 15 topics 1. Development and long-term sustainability of new pan-European RIs 2. Integrating and Opening RIs of European Interest 3. e-Infrastructures 4. Fostering the innovation potential of RI 5. Support to Policy and International cooperation (RI/e-RI) 5

Kick-off Face-to-face meeting at CERN in June • Confirmed Labs/teams availability • Extended collaboration to new partners • Discussed how to improve an extend the previous proposal • Defined roles and strategies • Started to organize working groups https: //indico. cern. ch/event/521539 6

Potential tests for an X-band FEL using Califes New hardware required Hardware already available 7

FERMI@Elettra & Swiss. FEL Linearizers FERMI@Elettra layout Swiss. FEL layout G. D’Auria LINAC 12, XXVI Linear Accelerator Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, September 9 -14, 2012 8

Perspectives: WFM characterization at CALIFES • Current Situation • • SITF stopped operation end of october ‘ 14, components to be transferred to Swiss. FEL injector, planned to start operation end of 2015/beginning of 2016 (started September 9 2016) • • Within Eu. CARD 2, developing electro-optical front end for WFMs integrated in in X band phase space linearizer structure. First tests with beam were done in Swiss. FEL Test Injector Facility (SITF). No beam time for WFM front end characterization and tests in 2015, rather limited time later. Using CALIFES as a test bed for WFM • Using X band linearizer currently at CERN (which developed alignment kinks during brazing), active length 750 mm, total 1000 mm • Do standard tests moving either structure or beam • Kinks in alignment ideal to test advanced measurement modes to determine the internal cell to cell alignment from signal spectra. • Open questions: Available space, necessary to condition structure before insertion into CALIFES? • Test WFM front end together with WFMs of CLIC accelerating structure: Interesting option due to other signal spectrum. • Synergies with CLIC related research (in discussion with Erik Adli and Reidar Lillestol, Olso University) • Modest requirements on beam: orbit control with resolution ~ 5 um, beam charge > 100 p. C Courtesy of M. Pedrozzi, M. Dehler, M. Leich 9

Clock to Cavity Synchronization Optical clock signal Locked microwave oscillator LLRF control - feedforward to next pulse based on last pulse and environment measurements Solid state amplifier Extremely sensitive to modulator voltage IQ modulator Solid state amplifier TWT amplifier Waveguide Absolute timing impossible as every component and connector adds phase uncertainty Klystron Waveguide Pulse compressor Waveguide sensitive to temperature Courtesy of A. Dexter Considerable effort is required to get femto second stability in the current RF systems used to deliver 50 MW at X band. Once stability is achieve one then needs to perfect a method of measuring and correcting timing errors, Cavity 10

CLIC Crab Cavity Transverse Deflecting Cavity (TDC) resolution is proportional to frequency x Voltage. X-band TDC lead to better resolution. Lancaster’s X-band “crab” cavity currently running on XBOX 2 to measure the maximum possible transverse gradient. Courtesy of G. Burt 11

Measuring Bunch Arrival Time Jitter (LCLS) e- BPM V (t ) If we have two cavities in anti-phase the transverse kick’s will cancel out. Any phase error between the two cavities will result in a transverse momentum. • This can be used to accurately measure synchronisation systems required for FELs • Courtesy of A. Dexter We can also use two cavities to measure phase synchronisation between two RF sources. • (from P. Emma) • • slope = -2. 34 mm/deg X-band would allow femtosecond time resolution Dt ± 0. 6 ps 12

Advanced Beam Physics Compare the performances of a purely-magnetic compression scheme, w. r. t. one including velocity bunching, both in terms of macroscopic properties of the beam as well as in terms of micro-bunching Micro-bunching gain measurements and comparison with analytical models Electron beam shot-noise bunching suppression + lasing (some undulators would be needed) Tests of Double-Bend Achromat (DBA) with CSR suppression Electron comb generation using masks in a dispersive region, and transport control Tests of bunch compression with sextupoles in the dispersive region (verify the impact on the longitudinal phase space) Measurement of emittance scaling with the photo-injector charge (models predict a shift from power of ½ to 1/3 but needs more accurate studies) Inputs from S. Di Mitri 13

Conclusions Califes would be a fundamental test bed for X-band components with beam: transverse defecting cavities, phase-space linearisers, wakefield-monitors, phase-measurement and correction, diagnostics, impedance measurements What Califes can do for Xb. FEL: An extension of Califes would play a crucial role for the development of the X-band technology, for the X-band community of today and of tomorrow What Xb. FEL can do for Califes: The X-band FEL Collaboration and proposal could be the focus and the source for funding experiments related to X-band components at Califes http: //xbandfel. web. cern. ch/ 14

Extra Slides 15

Electron Linac RF Unit Layout 2 x Scandi. Nova solid state modulators 2 x CPI 410 k. V, 1. 6 s flat top klystrons 50 MW 1. 5 s (Operated @45 MW) X 5. 2 based on the existing (industrialized) RF sources (klystron and modulator) I. Syratchev, D. Schulte 100 (90) MW 1. 5 s TE 01 transfer line ( RF=0. 9) ~11 m, 16. 3 cm TE 01 900 bend Inline RF distribution network Common vacuum network 468 MW (418 MW) 150 ns Preliminary x 10 accelerating structures @68. 8 MV/m (65 MV/m) 46. 8 MV (41. 8 MW) input power 10 m, 7. 5 active This unit should provide ~488 Me. V acceleration beam loading. Need 12 RF units. Cost 51. 7 a. u. , 4% more than optimum D. Schulte, CERN, September 2013 16

Topics Call INFRADEV– Development and long-term sustainability of new pan-European RIs To support the development of a comprehensive landscape of new sustainable world-class research infrastructures in Europe, helping to respond to challenges in science, industry & society. Emphasis on long-term sustainability, efficient operation, data management and on fostering the innovation potential. 1. Design studies 2. Preparatory Phase of ESFRI projects 3. Individual support to ESFRI & OWCRI 4. Pilot action for a European Open Science Cloud for Research 17

Aim INFRADEV-01 -2017 - Design studies Support the conceptual and technical design of new research infrastructures, which are leading-edge user facilities of a clear European dimension and interest : Ø Bottom-up call, aimed at identifying the RIs that really have the potential to become the next generation of European world-class RI Ø Total budget 20 M€ - EU contribution per proposal (RIA) between 1 -3 M€ Ø Leading to a 'conceptual or technical design report' through • Scientific & technical work: drafting of concepts & engineering plans for the construction; creation of prototypes; work to ensure the take-up and theefficiency of the services provided to scientific communities and • Conceptual work: plans to integrate the new RI into the European RI landscape; estimation of budget for construction and operation; plans for an international governance structure; planning of research services to be provided; procedure and criteria to choose the RI site. 18

Budgets Call INFRADEV Summary + 5 M€ 19

Workpackages General question: • RF improvements (power and cost) – into WP 4, from baseline to improved RF systems • Spain, KIT, Desy/PSI, INFN ok, France ? Singapore, update inst. list Next steps: • Establish team for proposal prep (overall lead and WP) and WGs/studies where needed • First meeting in November 20