www. gcu. edu. pk Bibliographical Citation Styles www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 1
www. gcu. edu. pk Presented By • Abdul Waheed (Chief Librarian) • Samreen Lateef (Librarian) • Abid Iqbal (Librarian) www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 2
What is Citation www. gcu. edu. pk The pertinent information needed to find the full text of a publication. Citations are provided in bibliographies, indexes, and the lists of references in scholarly works. Citation formats vary according to field of study and/or requirements of particular publications (See: style guide). Citation of a book generally includes: author(s), title, publisher, date. Citation of an article in a periodical generally includes: author(s), article title, source journal title, volume, pages, and date www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 3
www. gcu. edu. pk What are Citation Style Guides • • A standardized system for citing materials used when writing books or papers. Citation styles are often created by professional organizations such Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA) University of Chicago Press (Chicago Manual of Style). GCU Library Bibliographic Citation www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 4
www. gcu. edu. pk Why Cite Sources? • To avoid plagiarism • To credit the source with the original idea or information • To lend credibility and authority to a thesis • To back up ideas with credible illustrations, known facts, and accepted statistics www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 5
www. gcu. edu. pk Using a Consistent Format • Using a consistent format helps your reader understand your arguments and the sources they’re built on. • It also helps you keep track of your sources as you build arguments. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 6
www. gcu. edu. pk Where Do We Find MLA Format? • MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed. • Composition textbooks • www. mla. org • GCU Website http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/Library/Reference. htm www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 7
www. gcu. edu. pk • WHY CITE REFERENCES • WHICH SYSTEM SHOULD WE USE HARVARD SYSTEM NUMERIC SYSTEM • THE BIBLIOGRAPHY • REFERENCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOCUMENT www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 8
www. gcu. edu. pk DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATERIALS • Book with editor(s) instead of author(s) • Book with corporate author • Book usually known by its title • One paper from a collection in a book • Journal article • Conference paper (when proceedings have a named editor) • Conference paper (when proceedings have no named editor or are part of a major series) • Newspaper article www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Continue… Library 9
www. gcu. edu. pk ……. Continue • • • Thesis/dissertation Report Patent Standard Map Video and DVD Film Webpages and e-books E-journal articles (treat PDF versions of print journal articles just like print journals Continue………. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 10
www. gcu. edu. pk ……. Continue • Email discussion lists (gcumail/listserv etc) • Personal emails • CD-ROMs (applies to works in their own right, not bibliographic databases) • Unpublished material www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 11
www. gcu. edu. pk Text Citation & Reference List Entry • Text Citation for immediate reference • Complete Citation in Reference List at the end www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 12
www. gcu. edu. pk MLA Bibliographical Style www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 13
www. gcu. edu. pk Why Do We Have to Follow a Style Guide? • In higher classes like MA/M. phil you learn to do research and write in a scholarly style. • The purpose of scholarly writing is to document as much about a subject as possible. • A style guide is a set of rules that guide you in this documentation process. • When you have a problem with your paper it is good to have a helpful guide. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 14
www. gcu. edu. pk MLA Style The Modern Language Association has created a handbook Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: MLA, 2003. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 15
www. gcu. edu. pk Sources of Information www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 16
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Books – Book with a single author – Book with two authors – Book with a corporate author – An edited book – A chapter/article in an edited book – Dictionary or Encyclopaedia – Entry in an encyclopaedia – A thesis – Conference Paper – Report www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 17
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Articles from Journals (academic/scholarly) Print version PDF version - subscription database HTML fulltext version World Wide Web version - not subscription database www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 18
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Articles from Magazines Popular Trade Interest www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 19
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Newspaper Articles Print version Electronic version - subscription database World Wide Web version Newspaper Article with no author. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 20
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Webpages Website Webpage (page author & host organization not the same) www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 21
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Personal Communication Email Interview www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 22
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION DVD / Video / CD-Rom Video/DVD CD-Rom www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 23
www. gcu. edu. pk SOURCES OF INFORMATION Others Course handout Statutes/Acts Standards Patents www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 24
www. gcu. edu. pk Citation Style For Books www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 25
www. gcu. edu. pk Sample Entry for a Book (In Text) Author (Aijazuddin 121) page number www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 26
www. gcu. edu. pk Sample Entry for a Book (In reference list) Title and subtitle Author Aijazuddin, F. S. Lahore recollected: an album. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2004. Publication Date www. gcu. edu. pk/Library City where published Publishing Company GC University Library 27
www. gcu. edu. pk Books With Single Author IN TEXT REF LIST (Aijazuddin 121) Aijazuddin, F. S. Lahore recollected: an album. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2004. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 28
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With two Authors IN TEXT REF LIST (Singleton and Straits 96) Singleton, Royce A. , and Bruce C. Straits. Approaches to social research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 29
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With Three Author IN TEXT REF LIST (Bodie, Kane, and Bodie, Zvi, Alex Kane, and Alan Marcus 15) J. Marcus. Investments. boston: Mc. Graw Hill, 2005. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 30
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With more than three Author IN TEXT REF LIST (Kidwell, et al. 55) Kidwell, David S. , et al. Financial institutions, markets, and money. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2006. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 31
Books www. gcu. edu. pk Two or More Books by the Same Author IN TEXT REF LIST (Durant and Durant 45) Durant, Will and Ariel Durant. The age of Voltaire. New York: Simon, 1998. ---. A dual autobiography. New York: Simon, 1977. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 32
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With Editor IN TEXT REF LIST (Chaghatai 21) Chaghatai, Ikram, ed. Shah waliullah (1703 -1762): his religious and political thought. Lahore: Sang -e-Meel Publications, 2005. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 33
Books www. gcu. edu. pk An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword etc. IN TEXT REF LIST (Doctorow 67) Doctorow, E. L. Introduction. Sister Carrie. By Theodore Dreiser. New York: Bantam, 1982. v-xi. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 34
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With Corporate Authors IN TEXT REF LIST (Government of Pakistan 73) Government of Pakistan economic survey: 2004 -05. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, 2005. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 35
Books www. gcu. edu. pk With Translator IN TEXT REF LIST (Kafka 115) Kafka, Franz. Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Stanley Corngold. New York: Bantam, 1972. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 36
www. gcu. edu. pk Books No Author IN TEXT REF LIST (World development World Development Report. New report 56) York: Oxford UP, 1989. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 37
Books www. gcu. edu. pk An Edition Other than the First IN TEXT REF LIST (Aijazuddin 121) Aijazuddin, F. S. Lahore recollected: an album. 2 nd ed. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2004. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 38
Books www. gcu. edu. pk A Book in a Series IN TEXT REF LIST (Pihl 97) Pihl, Marshall R. The Korean singer of tales. Harvard Yenching Inst. Monograph ser. 37. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1994. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 39
Books www. gcu. edu. pk Multivolume Work IN TEXT REF LIST (Hodgson 215) Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: conscience and history in a world civilization. 3 vols. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 2004. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 40
Books www. gcu. edu. pk Anthology IN TEXT REF LIST (Feldman 180 -92) Feldman, Paula R. , ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 41
Books www. gcu. edu. pk reference book (encyclopedia) IN TEXT REF LIST (Smith 253) Smith, Bruce Lannes. "Propaganda. " New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropedia. 15 th ed. 1991 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 42
Books www. gcu. edu. pk reference book (dictionary) IN TEXT REF LIST (Onomatopoeia) "Onomatopoeia. " Merriam. Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 11 th ed. 2003. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 43
Books www. gcu. edu. pk SACRED TEXTS IN TEXT REF LIST Koran. Surah Kausar, ayat no. 2 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 44
Books www. gcu. edu. pk SACRED TEXTS IN TEXT REF LIST Holy Bible The Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version. New York: New American Library, 1962. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 45
Books www. gcu. edu. pk book review IN TEXT REF LIST (Naqvi) Naqvi, Rizwana. “Unfairness of life. ” Rev. of On the edge: short stories, N. J. Nusha. The Dawn. 17 Sep. 2006: 7. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 46
Books www. gcu. edu. pk A Book Without Stated Publication Information or Pagination IN TEXT REF LIST (Bauer 26) Bauer, Johann. Kafka und Prag. [Stuttgart]: Belser, [1971? ] www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 47
Books www. gcu. edu. pk An Unpublished Dissertation IN TEXT REF LIST (Boyle 31) Boyle, Anthony T. the Epistemological Evolution of Penaissance Utopiean Literature, 1516 -1657. Diss. New York U, 1983. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 48
Books www. gcu. edu. pk A Pamphlet IN TEXT REF LIST London. New York: Trip Builder, 1996. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 49
www. gcu. edu. pk Periodicals www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 50
www. gcu. edu. pk Journals scholarly article (using continuous pagination) IN TEXT REF LIST (Cohen 10) Cohen, Jerome B. “Economic development in Pakistan. ” Land Economic. 29. (1958): 1 -12. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 51
www. gcu. edu. pk Journals scholarly article (using Separate pagination for each issue) IN TEXT REF LIST (Cohen 10) Cohen, Jerome B. “Economic development in Pakistan. ” Land Economic. 29. 1 (1958): 1 -12. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 52
www. gcu. edu. pk Journals Reprinted Article IN TEXT REF LIST (Hunt 30) Hunt, Tim. "The Misreading of Kerouac. " Review of Contemporary Fiction 3. 2 (1983): 29 -33. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. C. Riley. Vol. 61. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 308 -10. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 53
www. gcu. edu. pk Newspapers and Magazines Newspaper or magazine articles IN TEXT REF LIST (Azfar 7) Azfar, Kamal. “Concepts of justice. ” Dawn 17 Sep. 2006: 1+. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 54
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 55
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources Author Article title Journal title Volume Issue Date Pagination Cite what is available. Database name Supplier Library Access date URL www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 56
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources CITATION MODEL FOR SCHOLARLY JOURNALS IN TEXT REF LIST (Author’s last name page number) Author's Last name, First name. "Article Title. " Journal Title Volume. Issue (Year): Pages. Database. Supplier. Library. Access date <http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/library>. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 57
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources CITATION FOR SCHOLARLY JOURNALS IN TEXT REF LIST (Cohen 10) Cohen, Jerome B. “Economic development in Pakistan. ” Land Economic 29(1958): 1 -12 Ebscohost. GCU Library. 15 Sep. 2006 <http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/library>. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 58
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources For Common Websites IN TEXT REF LIST (GCU Library) GCU Library. Personal Collections. 15 Sep. 2006 http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/library/PCollecti ons. htm#PERSONAL%20 COLLECTI ONS: . www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 59
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources CITATION MODEL FOR ONLINE NEWSPAPER IN TEXT (Author’s last name) www. gcu. edu. pk/Library REF LIST Author's Last name, First name. "Article Title. " Magazine Title day (if given) month year: pages. Database. Supplier. Library. Access date <http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/libra ry>. GC University Library 60
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources CITATION FOR ONLINE NEWSPAPER IN TEXT (Rehman) www. gcu. edu. pk/Library REF LIST Rehman, Mir Jamil. "A sensational week. " The News 23 Sep. 2006. GCU Library. 25 Sep. 2006<http: //www. gcu. edu. pk/library >. GC University Library 61
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources CD ROM IN TEXT REF LIST (Marriage) "Marriage. " Encyclopedia Judaica. CDROM. Vers. 1. 0. Jerusalem: Judaica Multimedia, 1997. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 62
www. gcu. edu. pk Citing Electronic Resources Articles from An Online Encyclopedia IN TEXT REF LIST (Carfruny) Carfruny, Alan W. “East India Company. ” 29 January 2004. World Book Online Reference Center. 2004. <http: //www. worldbookonline. co m/ar? /na/ca/ar 17194. htm www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 63
www. gcu. edu. pk Miscellaneous Print and Non-Print Sources www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 64
www. gcu. edu. pk Film Or Video Recording IN TEXT REF LIST (Annie) Annie Hall. Dir. Woody Allen. 1977. Videocassette. MGM/UA ome H Video, 1991. Sound recording: Counting Crows. August and Everything After. DGC, 1993. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 65
www. gcu. edu. pk Television Program IN TEXT REF LIST Tazi Mandi “Tazi Mandi. ” GEO TV. 25 October, 1998. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 66
www. gcu. edu. pk Television Advertisement IN TEXT REF LIST (Nestle) Nestle. Advertisement. PTV 1. 3 Sep. 2006 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 67
www. gcu. edu. pk A Performance IN TEXT REF LIST (Hamlet) Hamlet. by William Shakespeare. Dir John Gielgud. Perf. Richard Burton. Shubert Theatre, Boston. 4 Mar. 1964 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 68
www. gcu. edu. pk Painting and photograph IN TEXT REF LIST (Dr. Khalid Aftab) Dr. Khalid Aftab in the Postgraduate Library. Photograph by Library Computer Operator. 27 April 2006 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 69
www. gcu. edu. pk Personal Interview IN TEXT REF LIST (Khalid) Dr. Khalid Aftab. Personal Interview. 7 March 2006. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 70
www. gcu. edu. pk Speech IN TEXT REF LIST (Waheed) Waheed, Abdul. “Introduction to GCU digital library”. Lahore: GCU Library. 7 March 2006. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 71
www. gcu. edu. pk Sound recording IN TEXT REF LIST (Nusrat) Nusrat Fata Ali Khan. Qawali. Rehmat Cassette House. 1998 www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 72
www. gcu. edu. pk Email IN TEXT REF LIST (Khalid) Khalid Pervaiz. “Bibliographical Citation Workshop”. Email to Abdul Waheed. 22 Sep. 2006. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 73
www. gcu. edu. pk A Manuscript or Typescript IN TEXT REF LIST (Chaucer 54) Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Harley ms. 7334. British Lib. London www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 74
www. gcu. edu. pk Common Knowledge www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 75
www. gcu. edu. pk Common Knowledge IN TEXT REF LIST Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is the last prophet of Allah No need to give the publishing details. www. gcu. edu. pk/Library GC University Library 76
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