www. e-enlightenment. com Isabel D. Holowaty Dr Robert Mc. Namee History Librarian, Bodleian Library, Oxford, UK Director, EE Project isabel. holowaty@ouls. ox. ac. uk 13 March 2009 robert. mcnamee@e-enlightenment. info ACRL March 2009
A research project of the Bodleian Library and Humanities Division, University of Oxford 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
From quill to computer ------ the web of correspondence recreated by Electronic Enlightenment 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Subject coverage Relevant to • Philosophy & theology • Literature & linguistics • History (political thought, ideas, society, culture, law) • History of science, technology and medicine • Historical bibliography of the Western civilized world c. 1620 - 1850 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Some facts • • Letters from nearly 6, 000 correspondents from The Long 18 th Century 55, 000+ letters & documents from best critical sources 230, 000+ scholarly annotations 80, 000+ document sources Updated monthly & upgrades bi-annually Unicode IP authentication & Shibboleth-compliant Usage statistics: ICOLC-compliant 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE Content Letters from • Major printed editions of correspondence • • Early printed editions Manuscripts • Born digital • Authorial notes Editorial notes Textual notes Linguistic notes Remarks Scholarly apparatus • • Enclosed / associated documents Foreign languages & translations 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE Source editions Current publishers: Oxford UP Voltaire Foundation Cambridge UP Edinburgh UP Toronto UP 14 new publishers: Olschki Pickering & Chatto 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009 Duke UP John Hopkins UP
Early printed editions 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Manuscripts 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Letters • • • Only documented form of communication between different people which can be preserved. Personal letters: share thoughts, describe people, events, places and daily life Types of letters: • Letter of introduction • Travel narratives • Business letter • Love letter • Letter of complaint • Letters of credit, invoices • Orders, instructions, dispatches • • Journals • Condolence letter • Cover letter Can include quotes, enclosures, prints, plates, packages 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
The importance of letters: early recognition First English letter-writing manual: William Fulwood’s The enimie of Idleness teaching a perfect platforme how to indite epistles and letters of all sortes: as well by answere as otherwise, no lesse profitable then pleasant (London, 1568) “I do it […] to prevent their becoming Pey papers, serving to set up candles, or at best being made thread papers. […] It makes me reflect on passages of my past Life […]. ” – Esther Masham, Preface, Letters from Relations & Friends, 1722, Book 1 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Value-added Content Biographical notes Cross-references & hotlinks Links to external online resources (biographical resources, sources on dictionaries/ encyclopaedias, journalism) MARC records for 3, 500+ letter-writers Global community resource - get connected and help fill in the blanks! 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE’s scholarship • Identifying people Francis Carpenter (fl. 1697), English butcher Butcher of the parish of Publow, and holder of a lease on a property belonging to John Locke. Abigail Adams (1744– 1818), American president's wife Daughter of Rev. William Smith (1707– 1783) and his wife, Elizabeth née Quincy; in 1764 she married John Adams then a lawyer and later the second president of the United States; they had five children, including John Quincy Adams (1767– 1848), also president of the United States. On her husband's election as president she became the first hostess to use the White House (unfinished until 1800). A strong advocate of women's rights and opponent to slavery; she died a few days before her son became president. 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE’s scholarship • Identifying dates • • Julian v. Gregorian calendar Writers are often unsure themselves “Tuesday I think it is — Jany. the somethingth. — twenty odd twenty seventh or some such matter 1777” – Jeremy Bentham to Miss Elizabeth Davies & Sir Samuel Bentham EE research: Tues. 28 th January 1777 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE’s scholarship • Identifying places Traditional name Modern name Grottgau Grodków Local name National name “near Ampthill” Old country Haynes, Bedfordshire New country Deux-Ponts, France 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009 Zweibrücken, Germany
Searching EE • • Browse / search people Browse / search documents Search by writer/ recipient / place / date Search Printed Reference Search manuscripts / early printed eds / EE source editions Search scholarly apparatus Browse external links (biography, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, journalism) 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Biography links 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
My favourite feature: EE calculates age at time of writing! 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Case study: The birth of Bentham’s Panopticon idea Panopticon blueprint by Jeremy Bentham, 1791 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
David Lieberman: Jeremy Bentham: biography and intellectual biography, in History of Political Thought, vol. xx, No. 1, Spring 1999, p 190. (accessed via Ingenta. Connect on 2 March 2009, http: //www. ingentaconnect. com/imp/hpt/1999/00000020/00000001/64 ) 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
What we know • • • Panopticon is a prison designed by Jeremy Bentham; it was never built. Idea for project while in Belarussia 1785 -87 with his younger brother Samuel and working on penal code. Wrote of the idea in a series of letters during 1786, published as Panopticon; or the Inspection House (Dublin, 1791). Q. How did Bentham develop his ideas; whom did he them share with; did he get any support or encounter any opposition? 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Value of EE to libraries & researchers • • Cross-search documents from many different sources. Difficult to access hard copies. Hard copies are not being always updated – new content is constantly being found. Compliments other 18 th century collections of primary resources: • • • early newspapers, ECCO, etc. Age of Enlightenment is an important period in the history of Western Civilisation. Review current research & open new areas of research. 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Possible research projects • • Definition of Enlightenment Paradoxes (race, gender, class) Understand influence on other areas (government, finance, trade, etc. ) Urban v rural influences Sapere aude! Dare to know! Global outreach of influences Use of language Role of local groups Role of professional classes 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
More possible research projects • • Science: the fight between the physics of Descartes and Newton Tolerance Grub Street Publishing Great Man History Inoculation Decentred world 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
EE’s future • • May ‘ 09: Links from ODNB to EE June ‘ 09: New interface with improved functionality and more content: • More direct links Marking documents Language categories 1, 000 s of new letters EE Letterbook • use historical maps to e. g. track movement of documents • • • Working with Stanford University on mapping project: 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
Questions? 13 March 2009 ACRL March 2009
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