WW I 1914 -1919 Causes WW

WW I (1914 -1919). . . Causes WW II(1939 -1945)

I. 5 Causes of WWI 1. Nationalism: Deep pride in one’s Nationalism country – Land: Alsace and Lorraine (buffer between France and Germany both wanted it!)

2. Imperialism When strong countries take over weak countries for political government, economic (money, goods), cultural or military reasons

3. Militarism The extreme build-up of a nations military (men and war material)

4. Alliance System The series of treaties that caused most countries in Europe to be on the Allied side or Central power side – Allies- England, France and Russia (Japan and Italy join later) – Central powers. Germany and Austria. Hungary (Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joins later in hopes of gaining lost land)

5. A Shot Throughout Europe A. June 28, 1914 - Archduke Ferdinand wife Sophie- Heir to the Austria-Hungary throneassassinated B. Gavrilo Princip, a 19 year old Serbian member Princip of the Black Hand- society to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule C. Germany (Big Bro) urges Austria (Lil Bro) to punish Serbia and gave them unconditional support- “blank check” support D. Serbian (Lil Bro) ally Russia (Big Bro) on July 28, 1914 orders mobilization of troops to Austrian border

Ferdinand wife

The assassination

Princip and Black Hand

Crisis in the Balkans: clash of ethnic groups

BOOM!

Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)

II. WWI: Schlieffen Plan 1. Two-front war- which called for attacking France war 1 st since Russia had a lack of mobilization (railroads)- large German army would race west and defeat France and then return to fight Russia 2. Germany headed northwest through Belgium (neutral) to go around attack France. Belgium refused and Germany declares war on Belgium bringing Britain into the conflict. Britain declares war on Germany 3. Issue: Russia was able to get troops to front lines faster than expected and France caused a stalmate

The Plan

Trench Warfare: Technology more advanced than strategy Trench Warfare soldiers fought each other from trenches trading huge losses of men for small gains of land

The trenches

Trench terms: A. No Man’s Land- area between the two No Man’s Land trenches B. Over the Top- men from one side Over the Top would go over the top of the trench and into no man’s land which usually brought death C. New Weapons- Machine gun, Poison New Weapons Gas, Tanks, Long Range Artillery, Airplanes and Submarines (U Boats)

No Man’s Land Over the Top

III. 3 Causes of USA entering WWI: USA enters war April 2, 1917 1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – Germany’s decision to sink ANY ship to counter Britain's blockade on Germany – U-Boats: a submarine German word “unterseeboot”

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

2. Sinking of The Lusitania British ship sunk by German subs 1, 198 Total killed 128 American passengers killed

Nationalistic Pride

OPVL

3. Zimmerman Note a. Britain intercepted a telegraph from Germans to Mexico b. Germany would help Mexico “re-conquer” its lands lost to America if they would ally with the Central Powers

The Note To the German Minister to Mexico Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of February we intend to begin keep neutral submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement. . . You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmermann (Secretary of State)

IV. Total War A. Total War- Countries devoted all of their resources to the war effort (Britain, Germany, France, Austria, Russia) 1. Unemployment disappeared Gov. told factories what to produce and every person was put to work 2. Rationing- people can only buy small Rationing amounts of items and only on certain days: Meatless Mon, Wheat less Weds 3. Draft- requiring all men to enlist 4. 1918 Flu Pandemic: killed 20 mill

3. Propaganda one-sided info design to persuade and keep morale up

4. Women in the war Thousands of women replace men in the workforce- eventually help with equal rights: Suffrage: women right to vote

V. 14 Point Plan (Pres. Wilson) achieve lasting peace 1. End to secret treaties 2. Freedom of seas 3. Free Trade 4. Reduced national armies/navies 5. Fairness with colonial people 6 -13 were to change borders and create new nations Self-determination- allowing people to decide Self-determination for themselves under which government they wished to live 14 th point – League of Nations

5. Paris Peace Conference 1. Armistice: agreement to end fighting happened at 11: 11 am on Nov 11 th 1918 2. USA: Pres. Woodrow Wilson Britain: David Lloyd George France: Georges Clemenceau

VI. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) • • • France wanted to punish Germany for the loss of 1. 3 million men and destroyed lands Est. loss in Europe of $250 Billion USA didn’t even sign it!!

4. Reparations Payments made by the losing side to the winning side

VII. Harsh treatment of Germany causes WWII • • • League of Nations- About 40 Allied and Nations Neutral countries-excluded Germany (Loser) and Russia (Russian Revol. ) Limited German Military and returned all land that was taken (Alsace and Lorraine) “War Guilt Clause” Article 231 placed sole Clause responsibility of the war on Germany: Goal. Punished Germany • Reparations: $33 bill. over 30 years ($2. 7 trill. today) • 8. 5 million dead soldiers, 21 million wounded, 6 -13 million civilians: Lost Generation