Writing Warm Up Directions Take out a

Writing Warm Up Directions: ¨ Take out a piece of paper. ¨ Do NOT write your name at the top. ¨ Write a paragraph describing one of your shoes. ¨ Describe your shoe in as much detail as possible WITHOUT writing down the name brand of the shoe.

Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences in Your Writing

Learning Target ¨ I can use varied syntax to link major sections of my writing. ¨ This means I can use the four different types of sentence structures in my response to make my writing more interesting and cohesive.

Once a writer knows the difference amoung the four sentence types (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex), it is possible to write with sentence variety.

Simple Sentence ¨ A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. ¨ It expresses a single complete thought. ¨ A simple sentence is composed of one independent clause. ¨ An independent clause can stand by itself.

Sample Simple Sentences ¨ The cat crept through the dark house. ¨ The wary mouse watched from underneath an upturned cereal box. ¨ The predatory cat stopped and surveyed his surroundings. ¨ The mouse darted for the safety of the nearly invisible hole under the cabinet.

Compound Sentences ¨ A compound sentence contains two independent clauses. ¨ Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) join these independent clauses. ¨ Hint: The conjunctions spell FANBOYS.

Sample Compound Sentences ¨ The cat was unsuccessful in his attempt to catch the mouse, and the mouse was not able to get the cheese. ¨ The dog had watched all of this, but he refused to become involved. ¨ The mouse could wait until dark, or he could risk a daylight raid on the pantry. ¨ The cat usually slept during the day, yet curiosity held him at the corner of the kitchen.

Complex Sentences ¨ A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. ¨ A subordinating conjunction begins the dependent clauses. ¨ A dependent clause that begins a sentence must be followed by a comma. ¨ A dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but it does not make sense on its own.

Subordinating Conjunctions after how although if as in as much in order that when at least whenever now that whereas wherever as though while because before even if even though until unless as if as long as as much as soon since so that

Sample Complex Sentences ¨ After he gave it some thought, the mouse decided to wait until later for his walk. ¨ The cat fell asleep on the warm kitchen floor because he was deprived of sleep the night before. ¨ When the mouse heard the soft snoring of his sleeping nemesis, he scurried to the pantry and grabbed enough food for a week.

Compound-Complex Sentences ¨ A compound-complex sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. ¨ The same subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce the dependent clauses. ¨ The same coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) are used for joining the independent clauses.

Sample Compound-Complex Sentences. ¨ After the two adversaries had spent years playing this “cat and mouse” game, they were joined by their children, and the fun continued. ¨ Even though it seems the two were bent on the other’s destruction, the cat and mouse were rather fond of one another, and neither wanted the other’s defeat. ¨ This game was begun thousands of years ago, and it will continue far into the future as other cats and mice revel in hide-and-seek.

Practice – Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex? 1. Juan played football while Jane went shopping. 2. Juan played football, and Jim played baseball. 3. Although Central High has a better team, they lost the tournament, and their more aggressive style did not pay off. 4. Naomi passed the test because she studied hard, but Stacy did not understand the material. 5. I love living in Kentucky.

Mini Quiz ¨ Directions: Transform this simple sentence into a compound, complex, and compoundcomplex sentence. ¨ Simple Sentence: Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. ¨ 1. Compound¨ 2. Complex¨ 3. Compound-Complex-

Shoe Activity ¨ Take off your shoes and put it in the front of the room. ¨ Everyone will receive a description of a shoe (not your own). ¨ While you are answering your writing prompt, I will call one row to the front of the room at a time, and you will be given three minutes to find the correct shoe and return it to your classmate.

Writing Prompt ¨ “Describe an event in your life that has caused a change in you. ” ¨ Write three to four well developed paragraphs. ¨ Concentrate on varying your sentence structure.

Peer Review ¨ Read your papers to a partner. ¨ Trade papers and identify two examples of each sentence structure type. ¨ You will need to label eight sentences. ¨ If your partner does not have varied syntax, work together to rewrite the sentences.

Reminders ¨ Don’t forget to do TCA Prep at home. ¨ Check the class Google Group for important reminders. ¨ http: //groups. google. com/group/landonengli sh 3/members? hl=en