Скачать презентацию Writing in Business CVs often follow a
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Скачать презентацию Writing in Business CVs often follow a
Скачать презентацию Writing in Business CVs often follow a
Writing in Business
CVs often follow a standard layout and make use of a different group of set phrases and headings. 1) Personal profile. Give a brief description of your most important personal qualities relevant to the post you are replying for. 2) Key skills relevant to the job are often listed before employment history. Useful phrases include: Experienced… experienced in…, with a good knowledge , of… Fluent/near-native command of French adequate , spoken/written Italian Fully computer-literate. Self-starter , , (someone that can take responsibility, and work without supervision) 3) Work experience. This can also be called ‘Experience’ or ‘Employment history’. Start the list with your most recent job and finish with the earliest one. If you had many jobs, include only your relevant work experience. You should also include relevant training courses, voluntary work etc.
4) Education. This can also be called ‘Qualifications’ or ‘Educational qualifications’. Start with your most recent qualifications and finish with your secondary education. 5) References (the people that the employer can contact to get information about you) can be listed either at the end of the CV or included in a separate letter.
Emails In the 21 st century, the most common form of communication between colleagues is almost certainly email. Because emails are designed for speed, they usually avoid the formal expressions used in letters, relying more heavily on the use of incomplete sentences and abbreviations. 1) You do not need to begin with a formal greeting. Dear David, or even just Hi are all acceptable ways of starting an email. 2) It is very easy to sound abrupt in an email, so a short greeting can help to lighten the tone. 3) Emails are usually written at speed, so people very often do not write in complete or grammatically correct sentences.
4) Abbreviations are also often used to save time. Pls is short for please, B 4 means before, and asap means as soon as possible. 5) People often send documents or pictures with the email: these are known as attachments. 6) End your email with something short like Best (short for Best Wishes), Regards or Yours if you are writing to someone you do not know well. People usually sign emails with their first name.
Hi David Sorry for the delay in replying – it’d hectic here today. Just to confirm – we’ve got 50 delegates going to the conference. Pls book rooms B 4 end of today. Numbers as follows: 23 twin rooms, 4 singles. I’ll need confirmation and reservation nos asap – can you email me later? Attached is all the info you need. Best Jane
BEC VANTAGE WRITING TASK PART ONE • You are a regional sales manager for an international company. You have been asked to go to a meeting at your company’s head office. You cannot go, so somebody else will go in your place. • Write an e-mail to Erica Young, who is organising the meeting: • apologising for not being able to go to the meeting • explaining why you cannot go • saying who will go. • Write 40 – 50 words. • Write on the opposite page.
CANDIDATE A I’m really sorry but I’m not able to go to the meeting at our company’s head office. I can’t attend because of previous arrangements which I can’t change. Mr Jan Korwalski, a very good worker, will go instead of me. Please accept my apologies. Marta Stefanska
EXAMINER COMMENTS All points covered. Successful attempt at complex language, for example ‘I can’t attend because of previous arrangements’, ‘will go instead of me’. Concise, making a very positive effect on the reader. BAND 5
CANDIDATE B Dear Mrs Young I would like to apologise for not being able to go to meeting at our company’s head office because I will not be in the country. I am going on the business trip to Italy. Mr Mark Smith will go instead of me. Many Thanks Nadia Johnson Regional Sales Manager
EXAMINER COMMENTS All points adequately dealt with. Good range of structure and vocabulary. Minor non-impeding errors, for example ‘go to meeting’, ‘on the business trip’. Positive effect on the reader. BAND 4
CANDIDATE C To: Erica Young Cc: Subject: Meeting Dear Mr Young: Thanks for your last letter! I’m very glad to be inviated to attend the meeting at your company’s head office. But first of all, I’m apologising for not being able to go to the meeting. This is due to a error of my agenda, in fact. I have a international conference that day. I feel sorry for my absence. I’d like to recommend my personal assistant to go to instead of me. His name is Jim Green. I hope this will not cause you some trouble. Best wish yours Chan Bo Fun
EXAMINER COMMENTS Generally well organised (although not concise), leading to a satisfactory effect on the reader. There are, however, some basic non-impeding errors, for example ‘a error of my agenda’, ‘cause you some trouble’. BAND 3
CANDIDATE D Hello Erica, I’d like to apologise you, but I can’t attend to this meeting in our head office. In this time I’m going to London for sales meeting with our customers. Instead of me, for this meeting will go my sales assistance – Tom Best regards Natasha
EXAMINER COMMENTS A number of errors, but they do not impede communication. Overall, an adequate attempt at the task. BAND 3
Writing memos 1) Personalize your memos: use I, you, we to make people feel directly concerned. 2) Use active rather that passive verbs for a more conversational, reader-friendly style. 3) Prefer verbs to nouns, and avoid jargon and technical terms; write sentences which ‘your grandmother would understand. ’ 4) Make it clear and unambiguous what you want people to do and when. 5) Focus on the benefits to the reader, not on rigid rules or procedures.
BEC PRELIMINARY WRITING TASK • You are going to attend an engineering exhibition in Frankfurt soon. • Write a memo to your assistant: • explaining why you will be away • letting her know the dates you will be away • saying what work she should do while you are away. • Write 30 – 40 words. • Write on your Answer Sheet.
CANDIDATE A I am going to attend an engineering exhibition in Frankfurt, and the ticket’s date is 20 th March, I will be away for one week, during this week I would like you to arrange the training meeting which we have decided and make an appointment with selling manager. I would like to see him 27 th morning 10: 30.
EXAMINER COMMENTS All points clearly achieved with only minor errors of punctuation and the occasional missing preposition or article. BAND 5
CANDIDATE B Next week I go to an exhibition in Frankfurt. It’s from the 9 th to the 11 th. While I am in Frankfurt you should write the business letters. If there any problems – call me!
EXAMINER COMMENTS All the content points have been achieved but ‘Next week I go’ and ‘write the business letters’ are awkward. Band 4
CANDIDATE C I must go attend an engeneering exhibition in Frankfurt from 15 March to 18 March. Can you tell Mr Meier to ask him confirmation for the fly on Monday and finish to made the travel documents for departure in April? Yours sincerely
EXAMINER COMMENTS The third content point (what work the assistant should do while the writer is away) is not achieved as the second sentence is confused and the role of Mr Meier is not clear. Band 3
CANDIDATE D I will go on a trip to Frankfurt about attend an engineering exhibition tomorrow (15/March), so I want you help me to leave a message if I have phone call. Thank you!
EXAMINER COMMENTS The candidate has failed to achieve both the second and third content points (the dates when the writer will be away and what work the assistant should do during this time), making this an inadequate attempt at the task. Band 2
“GOLDEN RULES” for writing business letters 1. Decide what you are going to say before you start to write, always try to plan your letter ahead. 2. A good business letter is written for a definite purpose; know what your purpose is and be sure to make it clear early in the letter. 3. Use short sentences and few abbreviations to avoid misunderstanding. Do not use contracted tense forms like “I’d like”. It is better to say “I have got” and “I would like”.
4. Put each separate idea in a separate paragraph. Paragraph breaks should come at logical points in your message and should also result in an even appearance. Paragraphs of approximately the same length will please the eye. 5. Use short words that everyone can understand. Business letters need not be boring or complicated.
Keep you reader in mind as you write, and select a tone for your letter which is appropriate for the reader and the business you are writing about. Your tone must be friendly but firm; tactful but insistent. Your reader… must see exactly what you mean: your letters should be CLEAR must be given all the necessary information: your letters should be COMPLETE is likely to be a busy person with no time to waste: your letters should be CONCISE must be addressed in a sincere, polite tone: your letters should be COURTEOUS may get a bad impression if there are mistakes in grammar and spelling: your letters should be CORRECT. 6.
7. Effective business letters should have attractive appearance. They should be singlespaced with double spacing between paragraphs. Typing should be neat with an ample margin of white space surrounding the message, top and bottom as well as both sides.
Business letters typically avoid spoken language, and include the use of full forms instead of contractions (e. g. I am writing not I’m writing) and a number of set phrases. 1) The name of the company and its address, phone, and fax details generally appear at the top of the page, together with any Internet and email details. 2) Put the address of the recipient on the left-hand side. If you know the name of the person and his/her title, add these above the address too. 3) The date can appear on the left- or right-hand side of the letter, though the most usual style is to have everything aligned to the left. 4) Add the recipient’s and your own file references if needed. Ref is short for reference.
5) You can start your letter in one of the following ways: 1. If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to, put: Dear Sir/Madam, or Dear Sir or Madam 2. If you know the name of the person, put: Dear Mr [surname] (for a man), Dear Ms [surname] (for a woman. Avoid using Mrs or Miss unless the person you are writing to has already used the title themselves in a previous letter. ) Dear [first name and surname] is less formal but is becoming more common, for example Dear Jennifer Marsh. 6) Write the subject of your letter here. Re comes from Latin, and means with reference to. 7) You can also start your letter in a number of other ways: Thank you for your letter of…, I am writing in response to… / regarding… / to inform you that/of … to complain about… Further to my letter of 16 th July… I would like to enquire about/whether 8) Give further details about the purpose of your letter here.
9) You can also close your letter in the following ways: Thank you in advance for your help. I would be most grateful if you could inform me… Please let me know if… Please phone to confirm the details. I look forward to hearing from you / receiving your reply. 10) You can write the following expressions before your name. 1. If you don’t know the person: Yours faithfully, Yours truly 2. If you know the person you are writing to: Yours sincerely, Sincerely 3. Other, less formal, ways of ending your letter: With best wishes, Best wishes, Regards. 11) pp means that the letter was signed by Mandy Taylor on behalf of Christina Cook. 12) cc means that a copy of the letter is being sent to the people mentioned. 13) Enc means that the documents are being enclosed with the letter.
CAE Writing Task Letter of Complaint You belong to a small neighbourhood sports club and have been asked by other members to write a letter of complaint to the club manager, Mandy Dawson, outlining reasons for your dissatisfaction with the club and the way it is currently run. Base your letter on the points made in these text messages and emails you have received from other members. Now write your letter in 180 -220 words.
Club's hardly ever busy - if we can't get more people to join, we’ll go bust. Could make things cheaper for older people and families with kids. Some of our people are leaving us and going to cheaper places. Really got to resurface tennis courts – incredibly dangerous at the moment. . asked for squash courts and shower room s 2 years ago.
Dear Ms Dawson, I'm writing on behalf of a number of club members who have had concerns about the club and its orgonisation. Firstly, it has been clear to us for some time that we have a membership problem. The club, which I visit regularly, has been noticeably less busy recently. In our view, there are two possible explanations for this decline. Firstly, we think that some members are joining other clubs with more up-to-date facilities. Secondly, the cost of membership at our club may be high compared with other clubs in the area. As to what action can be taken, our main suggestion is for the club to rethink the cost of membership. We could introduce reduced charges for the elderly, and also have a family rate to encourage parents to come with their children. We also believe that we should resurface the tennis courts, which are currently in a dangerous condition. Some time ago, we also asked for squash courts and shower rooms to be provided. We trust that you will consider our ideas and suggestions and we look forward to receiving a response from you at your earliest convenience. Yours faithfully,
Dear Mr Sarawi, I am writing to you to express my dissatisfaction with your document-delivery service. Last Monday, we asked you to deliver some important legal documents to our offices in Budapest in time for a meeting with company lawyers on Monday morning. The documents did not, in fact, reach them until 4 o’clock on Friday afternoon, with the result that we had to cancel the meeting and reschedule it for this week. This nearly resulted in us losing an important contact. I would like to remind you that we are a long-standing client of yours and that we rely on you to provide us with a trouble-free service. I must emphasise that we will only continue to use your service if deliveries continue to be problem-free in the future. Yours sincerely,
Cover letters Do ask directly for an interview. Request an interview, and tell the employer when you will follow up to arrange it. It is imperative that you follow up. Do follow the AIDA model used in advertising – attention, interest, desire, action. Write cover letters that are unique and specific to you, but consider using four paragraphs: 1) get your reader’s attention; 2) give details of you accomplishments; 3) relate yourself to the company, showing why the company should hire you; 4) request actions.
Don’ts Don’t start your letter ‘Dear Sir or Madam’. Address your letter to a named individual whenever possible. Don’t write a formal introduction in the first paragraph. Use the first paragraph to grab the employer’s attention. Don’t write at least 400 words – the more information you give, the better. Never write more than one page. Each paragraph should have no more that three sentences. Don’t use sophisticated language to make a good impression. Use simple language and uncomplicated sentence structure. Eliminate all unnecessary words.
Dear Sir or Madam, I an writing in application for the post of North-Western Area Sales Manager, as currently advertised on your website. As you will see from my attached curriculum vitae, I am a 28 -year-old graduate in Business and Marketing from Hamburg University, with five years of experience in marketing and sales with Audi AGF based in Bremen. My current position is Assistant Sales Manager for the Bremen and Neidersachsen region. Since leaving university, apart from practical experience in the various posts I have held, I have studied extensively at night school, attending courses in Negotiating Skills, Personnel Management and Marketing. I have also attended various internal courses in the same areas in the companies I have worked for. I am interested in the post advertised because it seems to me to represent the type of opportunity I am seeking: to move into a large international producer of consumer products and to have the experience of managing regional sales myself. I hope my application and my curriculum vitae will be of interest to you. I am available for interview at any time, and my present employers would be happy to supply a reference. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Christa Schmidt
A letter of enquiry Dear Sir or Madam, I am a 22 -year-old student of Business Administration from the University of Fribourg in Switzerland I am writing to enquire about career opportunities within your company. I have visited your website and I see that working in your company combine an interest in business with a love of music. I am in my final year of a four-year course of studies and I am interested in working for a multinational company like yours because you combine a range of business challenges with scope for the innovative promotion of music, which is what I have been studying as my special research project. My particular specialisation has been the promotion of young classical musicians, both through live concerts and using the Internet. I would be most grateful if you could send me information about what opportunities exist in EMI Music, either as a management trainee or a marketing assistant, in a year’s time. Could you also tell me how I should apply? Thanking you in advance. Yours faithfully, Pierre Schneider
Dear Ms Budd, I am writing with reference to your advertisement in Frozen World trade journal and would be interested to have further information about the services your company offers. We are a producer of frozen food products based in Helsingor in Denmark and at present we are looking for a new transport company to make regular deliveries to different parts of Europe. Firstly, could you tell me if you make deliveries to countries outside the European Union – Russia, for example? I would also like to know how many lorries you have and whether you are able to deal with small cargoes which do not occupy a complete lorry. Finally, I would be grateful if you could give us a sample quotation for a shipment of 40 tons of frozen fish from Helsingor to Vienna and at present we can have an idea of your prices. I look forward to hearing from you. Your sincerely,
MAIN BUSINESS DOCUMENTS agency agreement / agency contract agreement air bill appendix (to a contract), supplement (to a contract) bill of lading certificate of quality certificate of vaccinations contract for deliveries consular invoice cover note, covering note covering letter customs declaration detail drawing export declaration general terms of deliveries general terms of rendering technical assistance агентское соглашение договор авианакладная приложение (к контракту) коносамент сертификат о качестве сертификат (свидетельство) о прививках контракт, договор соглашение о поставках консульская фактура кавернот сопроводительное письмо таможенная декларация деталировочный чертеж экспортная декларация общие условия поставок общие условия оказания технической помощи
guarantee certificate import licence, import permit inspection report, inspection certificate insurance policy invoice letter of credit manual, set of instructions open cover order, narjad proforma invoice quarantine certificate release for shipment road bill schedule (of deliveries, of erection works) (ship’s) manifest shipping specification way bill warehouse bill working drawing гарантийное обязательство импортная лицензия протокол испытаний страховой полис счёт аккредитив рабочие инструкции генеральный полис заказ-наряд предварительный счёт карантинное свидетельство разрешение на отгрузку автодорожная накладная график (поставок, монтажных работ) манифест (декларация судового груза) отгрузочная спецификация железнодорожная (транспортная накладная) складская квитанция исполнительный (рабочий) чертёж
Скачать презентацию Writing in Business CVs often follow a
ЯДО Лекции 5, 6.pptx