World War II ØSides ØBattles Axis Powers

World War II ØSides ØBattles

Axis Powers (Communism, Dictatorship) VS. Allied Powers (Democracy, Free Enterprise)

The Main Allied Powers • United States • United Kingdom • Soviet Union • France

The main Axis Powers were? • Germany Nazi Germany • Italy Fascist Italy • Japan

Hitler

Germany

Italy

Hitler (right) Mussolini (left)

Japan

Hideki Tojo • Forced Konoye’ to resign • Became Japan’s Prime Minister • Approved the attack on Pearl Harbor

USA

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Winston Churchill Prime Minister Of the United Kingdom

United Kingdom Map

France

Charles De Gaulle France’s President

Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union

Reason the War Started • Germany wants the Sudetenland (rich in resources) to fuel his war machine. • Sudetenland located in Austria/Hungary/Czechoslovakia • Anschluss unification of Austria and Germany • Great Britain and France appease Nazi Party to prevent war • Czechoslovakia upset democracy • Germany demand the Danzig port back to Germany (strong ties with Germany) • Nazi sign Non-aggression Act with Russia

• World War II (Length) • Sept 1 st, 1939 - Officially starts when Germany invades Poland • December 8 th, 1941 - US declares War on Japan (day after Pearl Harbor) – 2300 servicemen, 18 ships and 150 planes lost – Congress voted; Senate 82 -0 and House 388 -1 to declare war on Japan • June 6 th, 1944 – D-Day • February of 1945 - Germany surrenders at Yalta in • August 6 th, 1945 - First A-bomb dropped (Hiroshima - killed 80, 00 Japan says 200, 00? – 90% of city) • August 9 th, 1945 - Second A-bomb dropped (Nagasaki – killed 45, 000) • September 2 nd, 1945 Japan surrenders (War over)

• • • • • War and Battles Key Dates Germany invades Soviet Union German troops invade Balkan countries Pearl Harbor Battle of Alamein Battle of Stahlingrad Bataan Death March Battle of Atlantic D-Day Invasion (Normandy) Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Coral Sea Battle of Midway Guadalcanal Battle of Leyte Gulf Battle of Iwo Jima Battle of Okinawa Manhattan Project

Leningrad • Now called St. Petersburg • Germany surrounds Leningrad and 600, 000 civilians starve and die • 1941 -1942 4, 000 Soviets a day starve

Balkan Invasion • • German drive British forces from Greece take control of Caspian Sea (oil) Suez Canal trade. Germany forces British and other soldiers to work in labor camps

Caspian Sea Suez Canal

Battle of Alamein • Italy and Germany have control of Northern Africa and are headed towards Cairo/Suez Canal • US decides to start here because the Axis forces are less powerful and stop German forces from Tunisia to Libya. • The Battle of Alamein forces Germany out Northern Africa

Battle of Stalingrad • Some of the fiercest fighting of war • Germany halted at Stalingrad in 1943 after 3 months of fighting • 300, 000 Germans and 500, 000 Soviets dead

Remember Stalingrad "We think of the great battle on the Volga without hatred or malice. However, we consider Stalingrad to be a lesson from the past which, unfortunately, must be remembered. Should that war be recalled? Some think not, but I don't agree. That war must be recalled until the time when mankind will say: "we don't want war and will do everything possible to prevent it so that never again will there be war on this earth". There will be a day when we shall stop recalling the war and say: it was the last - not because we should like to believe it is so, but because we shall know it is so. Text by the Soviet writer Konstantin Simonov.

Bataan Death March • General Douglas Mac. Arthur put in charge of the Philippines, but could do little to stop Japan • Japan takes American base at the Philippines by seizing the Capital at Manilla • Japan target British Naval base at Singapore • Japan takes British, American and Filipino prisoners and were put on a Death March of over 65 miles were they are clubbed, shot and starved. • Around 7, 000 -10, 000 Filipino’s were killed • Mac. Arthur ordered to flee to Australia, stated “I shall return!”

Bataan Peninsula The Bataan Penninsula is Located 28 miles west of Minila

Bombing of Tokyo • While Mac. Arthur was leaving the Philippines, Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put in command of the mission that bombed Japan on April 18. • In early 1942, B-25 bombers replaced the aircraft carriers’ short-range bombers because they could attack from farther away. Tokyo was the key target.

Battle at Coral Sea • American Navy despite being half the size of Japans stop Japan’s movement towards Australia • Battle fought by Warplanes • Beginning of Japanese decline

Battle of Midway • Japan send 100 ships to Midway to take the Base to continue towards Hawaii • US intercepted and decoded message to help. • War fought mostly by planes, shot down 38 Zero’s • US sank 4 Japanese Warships in a period of minutes to send Japan retreating. • Turning point of war with Japan

Guadalcanal • • City in Solomon Islands controlled by Japan First US offensive. Marine stormed the shores to root out Japan. Many causalities but finally succeeded

Solomon Islands

Guadalcanal Map

Europe an N. Africa

Midway in Oceania Hawaii

Map of Southeast Asia

Battle of the Atlantic • At first US could do little to stop Japan in the Pacific. • Admiral Charles Nimitz used convoys to prevent Japan from sinking our “Liberty Ships” • US forces takes control of the Atlantic for the 1 st time. • German U-boats lose their effectiveness at sea.

Battle of the Bulge (cont. ) • Germany last ditch effort to take back France and regain some power • Germany made some ground but not enough • This is were the phrase “Bend but not Break” was used

D-Day Invasion • • • Normandy (North Shore of France) Code Name “Operation Overlord” Largest single invasion in military history Elaborate plan that included Mulberry Harbor British and US main designers of the plan Total estimated dead: – 2500 Allies – 4, 000 to 9, 000 Axis – (mostly Germans) ØHiggins Boats

Normandy

Invasion

Mulberry Harbor

Leyte Gulf • Largest Naval engagement in History • US wiped out Japan’s Navy for good.

Map of Leyte Gulf (in Philippians)

Iwo Jima • Small island in the Pacific • Part of Island hopping technique in Pacific • US victory took control of airbase

Iwo Jima (Memorial in DC)

Map of Iwo Jima

Okinawa • Another major Island hopping victory in the Pacific • US Victory

Battle of the Bulge

Manhattan Project Øhttp: //en. wikipedia. or g/wiki/Atomic_bombin gs_of_Hiroshima_and_ Nagasaki

Hiroshima • • • A city of military and industrial significance in Japan 7 th Largest city in Japan First A-bomb was dropped Bomb dropped August 6 by Paul Tibbets Name of the airplane was the “Anola Gay” Tibbets mother Instantly killed 80, 00 people, Japan claimed 200, 00 Nagasaki • Nagasaki was picked as a result of Military and Industrial importance also • It was the largest port in south Japan • Instantly killed 45, 000 people

Paul Tibbets and the Anola Gay

Little Boy

After Little Boy

Fat Man

After Fat Man

September 2 nd, 1945 Japan surrenders (Pearl Cont. )

Effects • On July 26 th, 1945, China, UK and the US called for a Japanese surrender at the Potsdam Declaration. Japan ignored the ultimatum. • 10 days later Truman gave the order. • Within the first 4 months of the drop, 90 to 166, 000 est. dead at Hiroshima and 60 to 80, 000 dead at Nagasaki. • It is believed that 60% of the deaths died instantly from flash, flame or falling debris. • 6 day later Japan surrendered • 60 to 70 million died 40 to 50 million civilians • Divide by 4

• On Sunday, December 7 th, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise attack against the U. S. Forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. By planning his attack on a Sunday, the Japanese commander Admiral Nagumo, hoped to catch the entire fleet in port. As luck would have it, the Aircraft Carriers and one of the Battleships were not in port. (The USS Enterprise was returning from Wake Island, where it had just delivered some aircraft. The USS Lexington was ferrying aircraft to Midway, and the USS Saratoga and USS Colorado were undergoing repairs in the United States. ) • In spite of the latest intelligence reports about the missing aircraft carriers (his most important targets), Admiral Nagumo decided to continue the attack with his force of six carriers and 423 aircraft. At a range of 230 miles north of Oahu, he launched the first wave of a twowave attack. Beginning at 0600 hours his first wave consisted of 183 fighters and torpedo bombers which struck at the fleet in Pearl Harbor and the airfields in Hickam, Kaneohe and Ewa. The second strike, launched at 0715 hours, consisted of 167 aircraft, which again struck at the same targets. • At 0753 hours the first wave consisting of 40 Nakajima B 5 N 2 "Kate" torpedo bombers, 51 Aichi D 3 A 1 "Val" dive bombers, 50 high altitude bombers and 43 Zeros struck airfields and Pearl Harbor Within the next hour, the second wave arrived and continued the

Pearl Harbor Casualties • USArmy : 218 KIA, 364 WIA. • USNavy: 2, 008 KIA, 710 WIA. • USMarine. Corp: 109 KIA, 69 WIA. • Civilians: 68 KIA, 35 WIA. TOTAL: 2, 403 KIA, 1, 178 WIA. Battleships • USS Arizona (BB-39) - total loss when a bomb hit magazine. • USS Oklahoma (BB-37) - Total loss when she capsized and sunk in the harbor. • USS California (BB-44) - Sunk at her berth. Later raised and repaired. • USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Sunk at her berth. Later raised and repaired. • USS Nevada - (BB-36) Beached to prevent sinking. Later repaired. • USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) - Light damage. • USS Maryland (BB-46) - Light damage. • USS Tennessee (BB-43) Light damage. Destroyers • USS Downes (DD-375) - Destroyed. Parts salvaged. • USS Cassin - (DD-37 2) Destroyed. Parts salvaged. • USS Shaw (DD-373) - Very heavy damage. • USS Helm (DD-388) - Light Damage. Cruisers • USS New Orleans (CA-32) - Light Damage. . • USS San Francisco (CA 38) - Light Damage. • USS Detroit (CL-8) - Light Damage. • USS Raleigh (CL-7) - Damaged but repaired. • USS Helena (CL-50) - Light Damage. • USS Honolulu (CL-48) - Light Damage. . Minelayer • USS Ogala (CM-4) – Sunk, later raised and repaired. Seaplane Tender • USS Curtiss (AV-4) - Severely damaged but later repaired. Repair Ship • USS Vestal (AR-4) - Sever ely damaged but later repaired. Harbor Tug • USS Sotoyomo (YT-9) - Sunk but later raised and repaired. Aircraft • 188 Aircraft destroyed (92 USN and 92 U. S. Army Air Corps. )

Pearl Harbor Photos found in an old Brownie stored in a foot locker from a sailor who, was on the USS QUAPAW ATF-11 O.

Pearl Harbor 1

Pearl Harbor 2

Pearl Harbor 3

Pearl Harbor 4

Pearl Harbor 5

Pearl Harbor 6

Pearl Harbor 7

Pearl Harbor 8

Pearl Harbor 9

Pearl Harbor 10

Pearl Harbor 11

Pearl Harbor 12

Pearl Harbor 13

Pearl Harbor 14

Pearl Harbor 15

WW I Fatalities

WW II Fatalities Country Military Civilian Total Soviet Union* 8, 668, 000 16, 900, 000 25, 568, 000 China Germany Poland Japan Yugoslavia Rumania* France* Hungary* Austria Greece* Italy 1, 324, 000 3, 250, 000 850, 000 1, 506, 000 300, 000 520, 000 340, 000 380, 000 330, 000 10, 000 3, 810, 000 6, 000 300, 000 1, 400, 000 465, 000 470, 000 145, 000 80, 000 11, 324, 000 7, 060, 000 6, 850, 000 1, 806, 000 1, 700, 000 985, 000 810, 000 750, 000 525, 000 520, 000 410, 000 Czechoslovakia 400, 000 Great Britain USA Holland Belgium Finland Canada India Australia Spain** Bulgaria 326, 000 295, 000 14, 000 10, 000 79, 000 42, 000 36, 000 39, 000 12, 000 19, 000 62, 000 236, 000 75, 000 *** 10, 000 2, 000 388, 000 295, 000 250, 000 85, 000 79, 000 42, 000 36, 000 39, 000 22, 000 21, 000 New Zealand 12, 000 South Africa Norway Denmark 9, 000 5, 000 4, 000 9, 000 5, 000 4, 000

The End

Pearl Harbor December 7 th, 1941 • 2300 soldiers, 150 planes and 18 ships lost • Congress voted 82 -0 (Senate) and 388 -1 (House) to declare war on Japan. • FDR “This day will live in infamy” • Tojo “I feel we have woke a sleeping giant!”

Strategy Pearl Harbor had two characteristics that made it susceptible to attack. (1) The harbor was shallow and a bottleneck. (2) Oahu is shaped like a bowl (high on the edges and low in the middle)

Oahu

Pearl Harbor

Torpedo Technology

Kate Torpedo