World War II MORE OUTCOMES New Ally

World War II MORE OUTCOMES

New Ally for Russia! CHINA, 1949 Civil war ended and the communist take over. ◦ led by Mao Zedong Mao formed a new communist country ◦ Peoples Republic of China. Now the Soviet Union had a powerful ally in Asia. Now, we were worried about China spreading communism to the rest of Asia.

Truman Doctrine President Truman wanted to CONTAIN communism ◦ Policy of Containment: stopping the spread of communism Famous address to Congress by President Truman ◦ March 12, 1947 ◦ Called for $400 million in aid to be delivered to Greece and Turkey ◦ Suspected of communist threat ◦ Congress responded with aid and troops for postwar reconstruction Ideas of the doctrine: ◦ ◦ ◦ Marshall Plan Holding onto West Berlin Airlifts House Un American Committee (HUAC) United Nations N. A. T. O.

HUAC ØUS House of Representatives committee ØInvestigated communist activity in the US from 1945 -1991 ØCalled citizens to testify in high-profile hearing before Congress ØFederal employees were analyzed to determine their loyalty to America Ø 4 million government workers were tested ØThousands were forced to resign (fired) ØIn addition, Hollywood Blacklist Ø Certain actors/actresses were labeled as communists and they were never hired again ØRichard Nixon, a US representative from California played a prominent role in the Alger Hiss spy hearings in 1948 Ø https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=On. CC 2 g. Ym. AMk

HUAC

Why did we really do it? ? ? RED SCARE ◦ Name given to the fear of communism creeping into America ◦ This was a real fear for many Americans ◦ The government did not help relieve fears ◦ They actually promoted fear of communism

Supporting Peace League of Nations was weak (after WW I) ◦ WHY? United States refused to join the League United Nations ◦ Oct. 1945 ◦ Need ◦ International peacekeeping organization ◦ League of Nations had failed to prevent the war ◦ Effects ◦ Takes a more active role in the world ◦ Became a diplomatic front line for Cold War ◦ Members of world superpowers such as the United States and Russia ◦ 51 Nations ◦ Currently: 192 Members

NATO “The Parties of NATO agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. Consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence will assist the Party or Parties being attacked, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. ” –NATO Agreement Treaty

NATO April 4, 1949 Standardization of allied military terminology, procedures, and technology Ultimately, European countries adopted U. S. practices

Warsaw Pact 1955 -1991 mutual defense Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Subscribed by eight communist states in Eastern Europe Established by the Soviet Union in Warsaw, Poland In DIRECT response to NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Vs. Warsaw Pact NATO Warsaw Allies: U. S. , Canada, 10 Western European countries Allies: Soviet Union, Eastern European countries Support Democracy Support Communism 1949 1955: response to NATO Still exists Dissolved in 1991

Capitalism vs Communism Capitalism Communism United States Russia (old- before 1990) A system based on private ownership of property and personal rights A system based on government/state ownership of property. Usually controlled by a single person or group in power. People own property. However, they The state owns property and it can be can lose that land if they fail to pay bills lost at any time. to the State, like property tax. Representatives and people vote on taxes. Heavy taxes that are decided by government. You must pay taxes on any inheritance. Called the death tax. NO inheritance at all. The state gets it! If you are imprisoned, you maintain property, as long as bills are paid. If you are imprisoned, confiscation of property. FCC monitor radio/TV, FAA monitors air travel State controls all communication and transport Free education

Two Points of View Joseph Mc. Carthy Edward Murrow Republican Senator from Wisconsin Radio Host Accused people of being communist Defends the American People ◦ In particular, the state department. ◦ Accused of sabotaging U. S. foreign policy/relations. Americans are losing ◦ Free speech ◦ Right to Criticize ◦ Right to Protest

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y 9 Hjv. HZf. CUI