World Meteorological Organization WMO OMM Working together in

World Meteorological Organization WMO OMM Working together in weather, climate and water Update on the WMO Space Programme NAEDEX-22, ECMWF, Reading, 9 -11 December 2009 Jérôme Lafeuille WMO Space Programme WMO www. wmo. int

WMO OMM Outline • WMO Space Programme context and organization • Enhancing space-based observation • Expanding data access and use • Challenges

WMO OMM Secretariat Structure CER Weather & Disaster. Risk-Red. Service Delivery Meteorological Applications - Aeronautical Disaster R. R. and Service Delivery Climate and Water Climate Prediction and Adaptation Hydrology and Water Executive Office SG – DSG – ASG Observation and Information Services Integrated Observation Systems -Space Prog Integrated Information Systems IOO Research Department IPCC Resource Management World Climate Research Programme Atmospheric Research & Environment Development & Regional Activ. Regional Training Mobilization LDC Programme Support Services

WMO OMM Governance structure (extract) CAS Commission for Basic Systems Expert Teams and related groups

WMO Space Programme Main components Enhancing the space-based GOS Users: all WMO & co-sponsored programmes Satellite operators CGMS & CEOS Expanding access to satellite data & products Developing Members’ capability to use and benefit from satellites

50 years of cooperation in satellite meteorology • 1959: • 1961: Explorer VII flies with Flat Plate Radiometer • 1963: WMO establishes World Weather Watch and the GOS Launch of Tiros-8 equipped with APT • 66 -73: Launch of scanning camera aboard geostationary ATS-1 Global Atmospheric Research programme (GARP) Coordination of Geostationary satellites: CGMS • 1978: First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) involves 5 GEO First contingency relocation of a satellite (Indian ocean) • 79 -09: India (79), China (89), Korea (05) joined CGMS Satellite back-up operations in 84, 91, 92, 98, 03 • 1998: • 2006: USA & Europe sign Initial Joint Polar System agreement Launch of Tiros-2 with FPR UN Resol. 1721 on cooperation in satellite meteorology Response to GCOS by CGMS & CEOS (virtual constellations) First APT reception from Tiros-8 in Lannion, France, 24 Dec 63

Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) • 37 years • 12 satellite operators • Geostationary constellation of 10 -15 satellites • 3 polar-orbiting constellations of 2 -3 satellites • Other missions (altimetry, GPS RO) in transition from R&D to operations • • • Contingency plan Technical standards Intercalibration Products Training Science groups: ITWG, IWWG, IPWG, IROWG

WMO OMM Outline • WMO Space Programme context and organization • Enhancing space-based observation • Expanding data access and use • Challenges

The space-based Global Observing System Vision for 2025

Satellite missions in the Vision for the GOS in 2025 Heritage operational § § missions WMO OMM GEO: imager, HS IR sounder, lightning Sun-synchronous: imager, IR/MW sounders Transition from R&D to operational status § § § § Ocean surface topography constellation Radio-Occultation Sounding constellation Ocean Surface Wind constellation Global Precipitation constellation Earth Radiation Budget (incl. GEO) Atmospheric Composition (incl. GEO) Ocean colour and vegetation imaging Dual-angle view IR imagery New missions for WMO § § § Land Surface Imaging Synthetic Aperture Radar Space Weather instruments Operational pathfinders and demonstrators § § § VIS/IR imagers in HEO Doppler wind lidar, Low-frequency MW GEO High-resolution narrow-band imagers Gravimetric sensors

Studying Earth as a Complex Syst WMO OMM Atmosphere Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling Land Infiltration Runoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature Currents Ocean

WMO OMM WIGOS: Key areas of standardization

WMO OMM Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS) CMA, CNES, EUMETSAT, JMA, KMA, NASA, NOAA, NIST POLAR- POLAR intercalibration • To ensure consistency of datasets from different missions and operators • 8 Organizations currently contributing (+WMO) GEO versus Polar-orbiting Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) inter-calibration method • Images: courtesy of Mitch Goldberg, NOAA/NESDIS

WMO OMM Outline • WMO Space Programme context and organization • Enhancing space-based observation • Expanding data access and use • Challenges

WIS Information exchange – common procedures; real-time and non-real time WMO OMM Information managementfew standard data formats; coordinated metadata and a – catalogues International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO. . ) World Radiation Centre Regional Instrument Centres 5 GAW World Data Centres GCOS Data Centres Global Run-off Data Centre IRI and other climate research institutes DCPC NMC Universities NMC Regional Climate Centres NMC/ DPCP NMC/ DCPC Commercial Service Providers NMC GISC NMC WMO World Data Centres GISC NMC DCPC i n te r n e t DCPC GISC Satellite Dissemination NMC Satellite Two-Way System NMC NMC Real-time “push” On-demand “pull”

Integrated Global Data Dissemination Strategy Ø Identify data requirements Ø Regional approach (South America, Africa, Asia Pacific, . . ) Ø Thematic approach (NWP: NAEDEX, ASPDEU) Ø User/provider dialogue Ø Encourage DVB-S dissemination (EUMETCast, FYCast, Geonetcast) Ø Integrating multiple data sources on one media Ø Cost-efficient for time-critical high data volume, many users Ø Complemented by Direct Broadcast, GTS, Internet Ø Satellite data providers to become DCPC, GISC in the WIS Ø Implement WIS metadata standards and filename convention Ø Interoperability (catalogue search standards) Ø User information (web), training, Ø Challenges : prepare for data explosion with new missions (GOES-R, MTG, NPOESS. . )

Reception of Data from Polar Orbiting Satellites Global Data Dump Global Coverage On-Board Data Storage up to 102 / 204 minutes Slide: 17 HRPT (Direct Read-Out) Regional Coverage Immediate Access Courtesy of

Improving timeliness of polar-orbit satellite soundings : RARS concept (Regional ATOVS Retransmission Service) Darwin/Tokyo

Evolution of the RARS coverage (% of the globe’s surface) Network September 2009 Planned End of 2009 End of 2010 Potential EARS 12 stations 30% 14 stations 35% 17 stations 41% Asia-Pacific 15 stations 28% 18 stations 31% 36% South-America 5 stations 10% 8 stations 13% 13 stations 16 % 16% Overall network 32 stations 68% 37 stations 74% 48 stations 78% 91% 46%

RARS Implementation status • All data on the GTS • Harmonized implementation of the WMO BUFR code, GTS headings and filename convention • Global monitoring by NWP SAF (UK Met Office) and regional monitoring by operators • Websites implemented, being improved • 2010 Map

New phase of the RARS project • Cr. IS, ATMS data from NPP and NPOESS-C 1 • Bridging the gap until Safety. Net implemented and guaranteed timeliness of data acquisition and worldwide distribution • New aspects – – X-Band stations Channel selection/compression/ data sampling Telecom bandwidth Need to optimize network

Requirements for X-RARS • From NPP commissioning onwards (End 2011 ? ) • Timeliness: 30 min • Required products (still TBC) – Similar to global products – ATMS: all 24 channels, Temperature Data Records (L 1 c) – Cr. IS: channel selection and/or PCs, full res or sub-sampling • Format: BUFR (TBC) • Distribution: TBD (GTS, FTP, Eumetcast)

User Information • http: //www. wmo. int => Topics: Satellites => Programmes: SAT http: //www. wmo. int/pages/prog/sat • cgms. wmo. int => Latest satellite status with links to data access information • gsics. wmo. int • Dossier on the space-based GOS: ftp: //ftp. wmo. int/Documents/Public. Web/sat/Dossier. GOS

THE SPACE-BASED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM IN 2009 (The GOS-2009 “Dossier”) Introduction Vol. I Satellite programmes description Vol. II Earth observation satellites and their instruments Vol. III Gap analysis in the space-based component of GOS Vol. IV Estimated performance of products from typical satellite instruments Vol. V Compliance analysis of potential product performances with user requirements ftp: //ftp. wmo. int/Documents/Public. Web/sat/Dossier. GOS

WMO OMM Outline • WMO Space Programme context and organization • Enhancing space-based observation • Expanding data access and use • Challenges

Challenges • Continuity and improvement of operational constellations • Sustained observation of ALL Essential Climate Variables observable from space • Transition Research to Operations for priority, mature observations • Coordinated generation of Quality Controlled products • Integration : - network optimization, - system interoperability, - composite products • Data distribution/access • User information, capacity.

WMO OMM

WMO OMM Back-up slides

WMO OMM The WMO Space Programme Office Wenjian ZHANG Director Observing & Information Systems Mrs Barbara RYAN Director, Space Programme Jerome LAFEUILLE Chief, Space-based Observing Systems Seconded officer Brian O Donnell Contract, support on GEO Alice Blunt Administrative Assistant

WMO Global Observing Systems serving many (if not all) GEO SBAs WMO OMM WMO: Weather-Water-Climate and applications 9 SBAs Weather Climate Water Disasters Agriculture Health Other observing and information systems Energy Biodiversity Ecosystems

WMO Integrated Global Observing Systems (WIGOS) WMO OMM Top level goal: • A comprehensive observing system satisfying the evolving observing requirements of WMO Members in a cost-effective and sustained manner • Objective : Enhanced integration of WMO observing systems and Enhanced coordination with partner observing systems Key requirements Ø Interoperability through data sharing and standardization Ø Quality management (Traceability, quality assurance, user focus, documentation, capacity building, monitoring/improvement…) Ø Optimization (Coordinated planning, platform opportunities, innovation. . )