World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russia and Japan I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance II. Protest and Revolution in Russia III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russia and Japan World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance • 1861, Russia begins social, political reform World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russia before Reform • Anti-Westernization backlash – Following Napoleon's invasion, 1812 • Decembrist revolt, 1825 – Suppressed by Nicholas I • Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Economic and Social Problems • The Peasant Question • Crimean War (1854 -1856) – Defeat by industrial powers – Alexander II turns to industrialization World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russian Expansion, 1815 -1914 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Reform Era and Early Industrialization • 1861, emancipation of serfs – Forced to buy lands – Productivity stagnant • Alexander II – Reforms of 1860 s, 1870 s § Zemstvoes § Military reform § Some educational reform World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Reform Era and Early Industrialization • Industrialization – Railways § Pacific reached, 1880 s – Siberia opened to development – Factories, 1880 s – Count Witte, 1892 -1903 § High tariffs § Banking system improved § Western investment sought World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Road to Revolution – Ethnic minorities § Demands – Peasants § Famine, taxes – Anarchists § Fail to win peasant support § Suppressed World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Road to Revolution – 1881, Alexander II assassinated – New ideas § Marxist socialism § Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov) World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Revolution of 1905 – Expansion continues § Ottomans pushed back, 1870 s • New Slavic nations created § Into Manchuria – Defeated in Russo-Japanese war, 1904 -05 § Revolution, 1905 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Protest and Revolution in Russia • The Revolution of 1905 – Duma created § Minister Stolypin § Agrarian reforms World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Russia and Eastern Europe • Other nations follow Russia – Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece Parliaments – End to serfdom – Some industrialization • Cultural revival – Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy – Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt – Mendel, Pavlov World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Japan: Transformation without Revolution • The Final Decades of the Shogunate – Shogonate § Alliance with daimyos, samurai – Culture under the Tokugawa § Thriving § Neo-Confucianism • Variety of schools – By 1850 s § Economy slowing § Rural riots World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Challenge to Isolation • Commander Matthew Perry – 1853, Japanese ports forced to open • Shogunate bureaucrats – Open doors reluctantly – Others want to end isolation – Conservative daimyos for isolation World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Challenge to Isolation • Unrest – 1868, shogunate defeated – Meiji restoration § Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji) World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State • Feudalism ended – Appointed prefects from 1871 – State expanded • Samurai officials to United States – Study, promote change • 1873 -1876, samurai class abolished – Some find new roles § Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State • Political reorganization – Constitution, 1889 – House of Peers – Diet, lower house World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Russo-Japanese War World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Japan's Industrial Revolution • Westernization in other areas – Military – Banks – Railways, steamships – Tariffs, guilds removed – Ministry of Industry, 1870 § Model factories • Zaibatsu, 1890 s – Industrial combines World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization • Population increase • Culture – Universal education • Western dress adopted • Conversion to Christianity limited – Shintoism attracts new followers World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization • Need for raw materials – War with China over Korea, 1894 -1895 – Alliance with Britain, 1902 – War with Russia, 1904 – Korea annexed, 1910 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Strain of Modernization • Inter-generational debate • Nationalism – Emperor worship World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Global Connections: Russia and Japan in the World • Russia increasingly involved in western European affairs – Also in eastern Asia • Japan – Strongly industrialized – Comes into conflict with China and Russia – Raises fears in the west of Japanese aggression World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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