WORD STRESS
STRESS PATTERN OF A WORD (ACCENTUAL STRUCTURE OF A WORD) • imˈportant • ˈmisbeˈhave • eˌxamiˈnation • ˈunreˌliaˈbility
ALTERATION OF THE STRESS PATTERN OF A WORD unˈhappy He was 'so unˎhappy. He reˈmembered those 'unhappy ˎ days.
WORD STRESS vs SENTENCE STRESS WORD STRESS belongs to the word when said in isolation is conditioned by objective factors: pronunciation tendencies and the orthoepic norm SENTENCE STRESS belongs to the utterance is primarily conditioned by the situational and linguistic context and subjective factors
TYPES OF WORD STRESS • • dynamic (or force) word stress musical (or tonic) word stress quantitative word stress qualitative word stresses
EGNLISH WORD STRESS vs RUSSIAN WORD STRESS ENGLISH WORD STRESS RUSSIAN WORD STRESS dynamic quantitative qualitative quantitative musical qualitative dynamic
DEGREES OF ENGLISH WORD STRESS • Primary (strong stress) • Secondary (partial stress) • Weak (unstressed syllables) ˌqualifiˈcation
ENGLISH WORD STRESS FREE SHIFTING
ACCENTUATION TENDENCIES • recessive tendency • rhythmic tendency • retentive tendency
RECESSIVE TENDENCY • stress falls on the first syllable which is generally the root syllable mother, father, sister, brother , ready, window • stress falls on the second syllable in words which have a prefix of no special meaning be'come, inˈbeed, forˈgive, beˈhind.
RETENTIVE TENDENCY • the stress of the parent word is often retained in the derivatives 'personal — ˌpersoˈnality ˈnation — ˌnatioˈnality
RHYTHMIC TENDENCY • • 'exquisite - exˈquisite 'precedence - preˈcedence ˈsonorous - soˈnorous ˈcapitalist - caˈpitalist ˈcontroversy - conˈtroversy ˈhospitably - hosˈpitably ˈarticulatory - articuˈlatory
RHYTHMIC TENDENCY • , qualifi'cation — 'just 'qualif'ication (emphatic variant) • hot 'water bottle waste 'paper basket ( , hot 'water bottle , waste 'paper basket) • , thir'teen, but: Her 'num ber is 'thirteen , hundred.
FUNCTIONS OF WORD STRESS • constitutive function • distinctive function