Word stress Made by Zarifullina Alina group 872(1e)

Word stress Made by Zarifullina Alina group 872(1e)

V.A. Vassilyev defines word-stress as a greater prominence given to one syllable in a word as compared with other syllables of the same word. Greater prominence may be achieved by: a greater force of articulation; a change in the pitch of the voice; the quality of sounds; the quantity of sounds (length).

Types of word- stress Different types of word stress are distinguished in different languages. If special prominence in a stressed syllable is achieved by the intensity of articulation such type of stress is called dynamic or force stress; If special prominence in a stressed syllable is achieved mainly through the change of the pitch or musical tone, it is called musical stress; Qualitative stress is achieved through changes in the quality of the vowel under stress; If special prominence is achieved through the changes of the quantity of the vowels , which are longer in stressed syllables – quantative stress.

Tendencies in English word stress There are certain factors that determine the place of the stress and degree. V.A. Vassilyev describes them as follows: 1.resessive tendency; 2.rhythmic tendency; 3.retentive tendency; 4.symantic tendency.

1. Recessive tendency results in place of the word stress of the initial syllable. It can be of two types: unrestricted recessive tendency which falls on the 1st syllable: ['mʌðə], ['brʌðə],['sɪstə]; restricted recessive accent which is characterized by placing the word accent of the root of the word if this word has a prefix which has lost its meaning: become, begin.

2. Rhythmic tendency results in alternating stressed & unstressed syllables. Rhythmic accent can be: diachronically rhythmical with one stress which falls on the 3rd syllable from the end in 3 or 4 syllable words: ['fæmǝli]; wonderful synchronic syllable: [prə̗nʌnsɪ'eɪʃn]

3.Retentive tendency consists in the retention of the primary accent on the parent word: ['pɜ:sn] – ['pɜ:snǝl]. More commonly it’s retained in the parent word as a secondary aspect: ['sɪmǝlə] – [̗sɪmə'lærətɪ]

4. Semantic tendency can be observed in compound words & according to it the most important part of the compound is usually stressed: ['mju:zɪklbɒks], ['bυkɪŋ̗ɒfɪs].

But there are compounds which have two strong stresses because both of the elements are semantically important. 1.Words with prefixes ( anti-revolutionary) 2. Compound adjectives (evil- looking) 3.Phrasal verbs ( put off, get up)