Word stress Made by Zarifullina Alina group 872(1 e)
V. A. Vassilyev defines word-stress as a greater prominence given to one syllable in a word as compared with other syllables of the same word. Greater prominence may be achieved by: a greater force of articulation; a change in the pitch of the voice; the quality of sounds; the quantity of sounds (length).
Types of word- stress Different types of word stress are distinguished in different languages. 1. If special prominence in a stressed syllable is achieved by the intensity of articulation such type of stress is called dynamic or force stress; 2. If special prominence in a stressed syllable is achieved mainly through the change of the pitch or musical tone, it is called musical stress; 3. Qualitative stress is achieved through changes in the quality of the vowel under stress; 4. If special prominence is achieved through the changes of the quantity of the vowels , which are longer in stressed syllables – quantative stress.
Tendencies in English word stress There are certain factors that determine the place of the stress and degree. V. A. Vassilyev describes them as follows: Ø 1. resessive tendency; Ø Ø Ø 2. rhythmic tendency; 3. retentive tendency; 4. symantic tendency.
1. Recessive tendency results in place of the word stress of the initial syllable. It can be of two types: a. unrestricted recessive tendency which falls on the 1 st syllable: ['mʌðə], ['brʌðə], ['sɪstə]; b. restricted recessive accent which is characterized by placing the word accent of the root of the word if this word has a prefix which has lost its meaning: become, begin.
2. Rhythmic tendency results in alternating stressed & unstressed syllables. Rhythmic accent can be: diachronically rhythmical with one stress which falls on the 3 rd syllable from the end in 3 or 4 syllable words: ['fæmǝli]; wonderful synchronic syllable: [prə nʌnsɪ'eɪʃn]
3. Retentive tendency consists in the retention of the primary accent on the parent word: ['pɜ: sn] – ['pɜ: snǝl]. More commonly it’s retained in the parent word as a secondary aspect: ['sɪmǝlə] – [ sɪmə'lærətɪ]
4. Semantic tendency can be observed in compound words & according to it the most important part of the compound is usually stressed: ['mju: zɪklbɒks], ['bυkɪŋ ɒfɪs].
But there are compounds which have two strong stresses because both of the elements are semantically important. 1. Words with prefixes ( anti-revolutionary) 2. Compound adjectives (evil- looking) 3. Phrasal verbs ( put off, get up)
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