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WORD-MEANING Referential and functional approaches to meaning WORD-MEANING Referential and functional approaches to meaning

SEMASIOLOGY – is the branch of lexicology which studies the semantic of linguistic unit SEMASIOLOGY – is the branch of lexicology which studies the semantic of linguistic unit (word meaning) THE WORD - is the smallest and basic linguistic unit. SEMANTIC - is the meaning of words, expressions or grammatical forms.

Word-meaning is one of the controversial terms in linguistics; there had been many attempts Word-meaning is one of the controversial terms in linguistics; there had been many attempts to give the most complete definition of word-meaning; In modern linguistics there are 2 main approach to meaning : a) the referential approach b) the functional approach

2 main approaches to lexical meaning REFERENTIAL APPROACH FUNCTIONAL APPROACH 2 main approaches to lexical meaning REFERENTIAL APPROACH FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

The referential approach distinguishes the three components: 1. The sound-form (Sign) of the word: The referential approach distinguishes the three components: 1. The sound-form (Sign) of the word: [bз: d]. 2. The referent (Denotatum) – the object which the word names: the actual bird. 3. The concept (Designatum) – The essential properties of this object which are reflected in human mind: “a feathered animal with wings“.

“basic (semantic) triangle” ( referential model of meaning) ]] “basic (semantic) triangle” ( referential model of meaning) ]]

Meaning is closely connected with all parts of the semantic triangle but cannot be Meaning is closely connected with all parts of the semantic triangle but cannot be equated with any of them.

The functional approach Studied relations between words; The meaning of a linguistic unit may The functional approach Studied relations between words; The meaning of a linguistic unit may be studied only through its relations to other linguistic units (distribution of a word), through the context. If the distribution of 2 words is different, then their meanings are different. E. g. He looked at me. (hardly to collect all meanings). Semantic investigation is confined to the analysis of the difference or sameness of meaning. Complementary to the referential approach.

If the distribution of 2 words is different, then their meanings are different: If the distribution of 2 words is different, then their meanings are different: Look at me - You look tired move and movement is different because they function in speech differently; different positions in relation to other words: move the chair, we move – movement of smth, slow movement

Semantic investigation is confined to the analysis of the difference or sameness of meaning Semantic investigation is confined to the analysis of the difference or sameness of meaning

2 main approaches to lexical meaning REFERENTIAL APPROACH studies the connection between words and 2 main approaches to lexical meaning REFERENTIAL APPROACH studies the connection between words and things or concepts they denote. FUNCTIONAL APPROACH studied relations between words