Women Access to Land Resources Experiences from Cambodia Presented by Panha Sok – Banteay Srei Director at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women’s side event on Development Justice: Transforming Development Frameworks to Address the Structural Causes of Inequality Monday, 11 March 2013 Hardin Room, 11 th floor, Church Center 777 1 st Avenue, E 44 th Street, New York 1
Women Access to Land Resources Political Commitment To Ensure Women’s Access To and Control Over Land Resources in Cambodia §The Cambodia Millennium Development Goals Ø Goal 3: Promote Gender Equity and women empowerment §The National Strategic Development Plan (20092013) requires gender integration in all sectors §The National Action Plan to Prevent Violence on Women (NAPVW), 2009 -2012 & 2013 -2017 §Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and OP CEDAW 2
Women Access to Land Resources Political Commitment To Ensure Women’s Access To and Control Over Land Resources in Cambodia § § Decentralization and deconcentration programme require the way for the democratic participation in development planning and implementation Law on Administrative Management of the Capital, Provinces, Municipalities, Districts and Khans, and the Law on Elections of the Capital council, Provincial council, Municipal council, District council and Khan council focus on a gender-sensitive planning and determining the composition of committees, councils and governments with the presence of women at all sub-national levels 3
Women Access to Land Resources Political Commitment To Ensure Women’s Access To and Control Over Land Resources in Cambodia § Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of the Victim, 2005, Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation, 2008 and other basic laws such as the Code of Criminal Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure, Civil Code and the Draft of Penal Code to ensure human rights and women’s rights are protected and upheld § Neary Ratanak III (2009 -2013) and Cambodian National Council for Women (CNCW) § Government policy for ID card for the poor § The 2001 Land Law guarantees women equal rights to own land property 4
Women Access to Land Resources Progress in the reality. . § Women make up half of populations § Only 13. 2 % of women own agricultural land, 2009 Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey (CSES) § Climate change and natural disaster § Lack of knowledge on diversified (organic) farming methods § § low financial return balanced against very high investment in terms of labor and capital debt trap 5
Women Access to Land Resources Progress in the reality. . § Land rights abuses § Economic land concessions to large agro-industrial projects and extractive industry § The Licadho Timeline regarding Human Rights violations in 2012 § Land disputes in areas near the Angkor temples § Loan abuse in Kralanh 6
Women Access to Land Resources Progress in the reality. . § Levels of education among girls and adult women. Ø 1/3 of girls and 15% of boys have never attended school, 2009 (CSES) § Public administration and decision making § Violence against women § In 2012, 237 women and girls used BS Safe House in BB - 185 survivors (2 boys) of rape 52 survivors of domestic violence § Women access to health care and reproductive needs § maternal mortality rate (461 per 100, 000 live births) 7
Women Access to Land Resources Transforming Development Frameworks to Address the Structural Causes of Inequality. . . § Education - empowerment model § § § spaces for questioning spaces for sharing space for analyzing § Breaking the culture of fear and silent § Freedom of expression § Access and control over media 8
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