WMO OMM Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) --Challenges and Opportunity to the Space Community Wenjian Zhang, Director, Observing and Information Systems Department Director, WMO Space Programme, WMO Presentation to the 26 th CEOS Plenary at Bengaluru, India 24 -27 October, 2012
A historic event (31 Aug – 4 Sept, 2009, Geneva) 2
WMO OMM The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)—A New Partnership Process
WMO OMM WMO Cg-16 (2011) Decisions on Five Key Priorities for 2012 -2015 ü Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) ü WMO Integrated Global Observing System/WMO Information System (WIGOS/WIS) ü Capacity building ü Disaster Risk Reduction ü Aeronautical meteorology 4
GFCS Implementation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Benefits from GFCS Chapter 3: Issues to be addressed in implementation Chapter 4: Implementation priorities Chapter 5: Enabling mechanism Chapter 6: Resources mobilization Chapter 7: Conclusions and recommendations Annex 1: UIP Annex 2: CSIS Annex 3: Obs & Mon Annex 4: Res & Mod Annex 5: Cap Dev Exempl. : Water Exempl. : Dis. Risk Red. Exempl. : Health Exempl. : Agric. /Food Security 5
Governance Structure 6
Consultation meetings • User Interface Platform o Agricultural, Food Security and Water sectors (September 2011, FAO, Rome) o Disaster Risk Reduction and Health Stakeholders –WHO (November 2011) • Climate Services Information System — (April 2011) • Observations and Monitoring (Chairman: Dr T. Mohr) o 1 st meeting for WMO and WMO cosponsored programs (GCOS, WCRP, UNSCO/IOC. . ) (August 2011) o 2 nd meeting addressing the user communities (in agriculture, Water, health, DRR, Space Agencies ) (December 2011) • Capacity Building — Requirements of NMHSs for the GFCS (October 2011) 7 http: //www. wmo. int/gfcs 7
WMO OMM The following key challenges have been identified through widespread consultations with experts of key communities (similarity of challenges with GCOS) • Accessibility: many countries do not have climate services at all, and all countries have scope to improve access to such services. • Capacity: many countries lack the capacity to anticipate and manage climate related risks and opportunities. • Data: the current availability and quality of climate observations and impacts data are inadequate for large parts of the globe. • Partnership: interactions between climate service users and providers are not always well developed, and user requirements are not always adequately understood and addressed. • Quality: operational climate services are lagging advances in climate and applications sciences, and the spatial and temporal resolution of information is often insufficient to match user requirements.
WMO OMM GFCS needs –Systemic observations Observing the Earth as a Total System Atmosphere Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling Land Infiltration Runoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature Currents Ocean
1979 WMO OMM The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2 million years.
2003 WMO OMM The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2 million years.
Barrow, Alaska Tiksi, Russia WMO OMM Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Eureka, Canada Summit, Greenland Alert, Canada Establishing Intensive Atmospheric Observatories In the Arctic
WMO OMM INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL CLIMATE, GREENHOUSE GASES, AEROSOLS, GAS-PHASE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS, LAND USE, AND THE WATER SYSTEM
WMO OMM Climate Services will Require an Unprecedented Level of Collaboration
The GFCS initially focused priority areas WMO OMM Provide opportunities for new partnership to address new observational requirements through user communities Agriculture Health Water Disaster Risk Reduction 15 http: //www. wmo. int/gfcs
Exemplary Grand Challenges: Droughts Satellite monitoring of soil moisture can support argiculture/food secruity, DRR, Water and health WCRP Workshop on Drought Predictability and Prediction in a Changing Climate Barcelona, March 2011 Three Major Recommendations: 1. Drought Catalogue Summarizing key drivers of global drought events. 2. Case Studies Focusing on large-scale and regional issues in areas where drought is a key issue. 3. Develop Drought Early Warning System 16
Vision & Rationale WMO OMM Why should the health sector engage? Meteorological conditions affect some of the largest disease burdens: - Undernutrition kills 3. 5 million/yr - Diarrhoea kills 2. 2 million/yr - Malaria kills 900, 000/yr -Hydrometeorological extremes kill 10 s of thousands, and cause multiple other health effects
Global Distribution of Disasters Caused by Natural Hazards and their Impacts (1980 -2007) Loss of life Number of events 90% of events 70% of casualties 75% of economic losses Hydro-met and climate related! Economic losses Source: EMDAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database - www. em-dat. net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgiumc © World Meteorological Organization
While economic losses are on the way up! Loss of life from hydrometeorological disasters are decreasing! Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database © World Meteorological Organization
National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems need strong support from space observations National to local disaster risk reduction plans, legislation and coordination mechanisms 1 3 2 4 © World Meteorological Organization
Space Architecture The satellite operators represented in CEOS and CGMS, and WMO and GEO agreed early 2011 to develop an architecture for monitoring climate from space. The architecture will have the following functional components: - Analysis of user requirements - Observing capacities - ECV product generation - Data management, access and dissemination - User interface - Coordination and governance 21
CEOS and CGMS members are the backbone of the Space Architecture GCOS Requirements Climate System Monitor. GFCS Other requirements, e. g. GFCS UNFCC, IPCC 12
WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM WMO OMM (WIGOS) WMO Global Observing Systems Ø Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS) Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø RBSN, RBCN (>10, 000 stations, 1, 000 upper-air) AMDAR (39754/day) Ship & Marine obs (30417/day) Surface-based remote sensing Meso-scale networks WMO Space Programme Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems Ø GCOS, GOOS, GTOS
p WMO Congress 15/16 decisions to WMO OMM Implement WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM The key word of WIGOS = (WIGOS) Integration The whole is more than the sum of the parts--Aristotle Need an Integrated Global Observing System meet all requirements
WMO OMM The contribution of WMO to the Development of GFCS • WMO with its Members, bodies and co-sponsored programmes will provide only a component needed to build the framework • GFCS is a global collective effort being built in collaboration with UN family and GEO, Space partners (CEOS & CGMS) and all relevant stakeholders WIS A Space Architecture: a key component of GFCS. 25 http: //www. wmo. int/gfcs
WMO OMM Great advances in Global and Regional Numerical Weather Forecasts: Credit of WMO Further advances in the Realm of Climate need broader international collaborations
WMO OMM Thank you Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Office For more information on GFCS, kindly contact: Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Office World Meteorological Organization Tel: 41. 22. 730. 8579 Fax: 41. 22. 730. 8037 Email: gfcs@wmo. int http: //www. wmo. int/gfcs The 26 th CEOS Plenary – Bengaluru, India - 24 -27 October, 2012
Different Views of Requirements WMO OMM Service requirements: Content, Presentation, Delivery media, Timeliness, Continuity, User support, Training, . . USERS’ satisfaction USERS’ needs Services Product requirements: Type (numerical, graphical, binary, alert), Algorithm, Spatial/temporal resolution, Quality control Observational requirements: Geophysical variable, Unit, Domain, Spatial resolution, Temporal resolution, Uncertainty … Specifications: Instrument type, Orbit, Scanning mode, Spectral bands, Channel width, SNR, … Products Observation & Monitoring Instruments Datasets Source, Format, Projection, Segmentation, Quality flag, Compression, Metadata…
WMO OMM Space Architecture (3) A first step is to document the current and planned implementation arrangements, ECV-by-ECV, by the individual satellite agencies. (An inventory of the current and planned long-term production of Thematic Climate Data Records at the level of individual satellite agencies). 13
WMO OMM Architecture (4) The next step will be the identification of the satellite constellations in terms of instruments and orbits required for providing the relevant satellite data sets for the production of ECVs and extreme events In parallel some considerations on the necessary governance structure for the implementation phase is needed 30
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