Wireless Mesh Network The New Era of WLAN

Wireless Mesh Network The New Era of WLAN Madan Jagernauth Director, Business And Technology Strategy Wireless Mesh Network Vendor Soup 15 February 2005 NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 0

Agenda > Introduction of Wireless Mesh Network concept > Wireless Mesh Network deployment models > Introduction to Nortel Networks Wireless Mesh Network solution • Including some technical details (radio technology, community area networks, mobility, and security) > Sample of current deployments > Conclusion of Wireless Mesh Networks Discussion > A view of Wi. MAX and how Wi. MAX and Wireless Mesh Networks could work together NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 1

Traditional WLAN > APs connected in star topology > Each AP is connected directly to the wired network Wired Network > In public deployments, backhaul using leased narrowband (E 1/T 1, DSL) links Advantages Hub AP AP AP > Does not require separate power source > Inexpensive and simple to deploy Challenges > Deployment limited by Ethernet cable length (max 100 m) > In public, capacity limited by narrowband backhaul (E 1/T 1, DSL) NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 2

Wireless Mesh Network > Wireless Access Points connected in peerto-peer topology > Backhaul using wireless broadband links Broadband Network > A few Network Access Points connected to broadband network at convenient locations Advantages > Backhaul via broadband wireless links • Does not require any cabling to APs • Simplifies network design / deployment, reduces ongoing OPEX > Employs wireless peer-to-peer devices for efficient routing, fault recovery Challenges > Requires AC power at the AP NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 3

Flexible Deployment Models Enterprises – Private Verticals Enterprises – Retail/Public Areas • • Education: Universities or College Campuses/Schools Healthcare: Hospitals Manufacturing: Factory floors, loading docks, inventory storage buildings Enterprises Wireless Mesh Networks Network Operators • • • Airports Convention Centres/Sporting Venues Hotels Shopping Malls Temporary installations for special events and disaster recovery Network Communities/ Operators Cities / Communities Wireline/Fixed/Cable TV/ISPs/Wireless Disjoint hotspots link hotspots together, concentrate wired backhaul Ubiquitous Coverage “Last mile” – deliver high speed broadband to homes and offices • Augment existing broadband service or bypass incumbent carriers • • Government/Homeland Security/Army/Municipalities/Public Works Private use by its out-of-office employees • Fire, Police, Ambulance • Public use by its citizens and visitors in federal or provincial government • Public parks, tourist areas Extending the reach of WLAN in areas which do not cost-effectively support a wired LAN NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 4

Wireless Mesh Network Innovative WLAN Access Solution > Wireless AP 7220 • Indoor/outdoor Access Point • 802. 11 b/g access link • 802. 11 a transit link with smart antennas • Self-configuring, self-healing mesh formation • Mobility client proxy for seamless subscriber mobility within the Community Area Network Internet at large Optivity NMS NOSS AAA, DHCP, RADIUS Enterprise / ISP Backbone Network Wireless Gateway Layer 3 Router Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc. ) Wireless Gateway > Wireless Gateway 7250 • Enterprise class router • Advertises reachability (within Enterprise/ISP Distribution Network) for WLAN Community Area Network subscribers • Provides WLAN CAN-specific mobility anchor point • Provides data security for the mesh transit link Enterprise / ISP / Metro Distribution Network Layer 3 Router Wireless AP 7220 Community Area Network > Network Management • APs and Gateway support SNMP network management interfaces • Currently integrated with Nortel’s Optivity NMS: • • Centralized facility for monitoring and managing network operations, leveraging a field proven end-to-end network mgmt solution Discovery & visualization of WG 7250 & AP 7220 Fault management – traps, faults, system log Real-time performance metrics – utilization, errors, interface metrics NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 5

Wireless Access Point 7220 > Performs traffic collection & distribution functions for traffic within the Community Area Network (CAN) > Incorporates routing and wireless transit functions > Incorporates security functions for validating connections to other Wireless APs Layer 3 Router > Incorporates security functions for controlling access by user devices > Incorporates low-cost advanced antenna designs for extended reach, simplified deployment, and reliability > Small size (10” tall x 7. 5” diameter) for flexible placement > Uses 802. 11 a with proprietary extensions for inter-AP transmissions (Transit Link) > Uses 802. 11 b/g for user access (Access Link) NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 6

Radio Networking Technology Wireless AP 7220 Transit Link (TL) @ 5 GHz • Elevated dual-polar antennas with switchedbeams. • Uses 802. 11 a technology. Access Link (AL) @ 2. 4 GHz • Elevated, dual-polar, diversity switched antennas. • Uses 802. 11 b/g technology. Existing utility pole or wall offering elevated mounting position Coverage of the Access Link (AL) from the Wireless AP MN Mobile Client MN Access and Transit links separated in space and frequency NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 7

Wireless Gateway 7250 Layer 3 Router > Advertises reachability (within Enterprise/ISP Distribution Network) for WLAN CAN subscribers > Hides WLAN CAN-specific mobility and security functions from the rest of the Enterprise/ISP Distribution and Backbone Networks > Provides data security for the mesh transit link > Typically supports about 50 AP 7220 NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 8

Network Operation Support System > Centralized facility for monitoring and managing network operations and leverages a field proven end-to-end network management solution Internet at large FTP, RADIUS AAA, DHCP, SNTP RADIUS Optivity NMS NOSS Wireless Gateway 7250 Layer 3 Router Switch Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc. ) Enterprise / ISP FTP, RADIUS, Backbone Network DHCP, SNTP Wireless Optivity NMS Gateway NOSS 7250 • Interface to distributed elements through industrystandard protocols (e. g. DHCP, FTP, SNMP, SNTP, RADIUS) • Discovery and visualization of Wireless AP 7220 and WG 7250 • Fault management • traps, faults, syslog • Real-time performance metrics Enterprise / ISP / Metro Distribution Network • utilization, errors • interface metrics Layer 3 Router Switch • Optivity NMS as portal • launch other Nortel element managers > Leverages off-the-shelf industry standard elements for the DHCP, FTP and RADIUS servers Wireless AP 7220 • Enables customers to future proof their infrastructure investment with integration to their existing back office Community Area Network > Proper authentication and authorization of users through NOSS ensures no theft of service or revenue losses by the service provider or enterprise > Minimize configuration required to enable fast, easy and cost-effective deployment and installation NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 9

Community Area Network Topology Network Access Point AP NAP Router Wireless transit link AP Wired transit link AP AP AP Network Access Point AP Neighbour Auto. Discovery Techniques AP AP AP Arbitrary topology of wireless access and routing points AP AP Mobile Node AP AP NAP Router AP AP AP Wireless access links NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 10

Community Area Network Topology Network Access Point AP Network Access Point NAP Router AP AP AP Adaptive Routing Algorithms AP AP AP Forwarding Path Auto. Discovery AP AP AP AP Mobile Node NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 11

Community Area Network Topology Network Access Point AP Network Access Point NAP Router AP AP Link or Node Failure AP Adaptive Routing Algorithms AP AP Automatic Rerouting AP AP AP Mobile Node NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 12

Mobility Network Architecture Optivity Network Management System Between Internet at Large and WG 7250 • Standard IPv 4 addressing and routing Internet at large AAA, DHCP, RADIUS NW Mgmt Enterprise / ISP Backbone Network Enterprise / ISP / Metro Distribution Network Between WG 7250 and AP 7220 • Wide-Area Mobility solution based on Mobile IPv 4 concepts Wireless Gateway 7250 Layer 3 Router Community Area Network Wireless Access Point 7220 Access Link Between AP 7220 and Wireless Mobile Node • 802. 11 mobility Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc. ) Transit Link Wireless Mobile Node (End User) NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 13

Security – Subscriber Level Trusted Network Un-trusted Network AP 7220 Wireless Gateway 7250 NAP-R NOSS Mobile Node Subscriber Authentication RADIUS with EAP Extensions WPA* - 802. 1 X/EAPOL Authenticated WPA* EAP Authentication** RADIUS Accounting Authenticated Subscriber Traffic WPA* - TKIP, AES WPA* TKIP, AES Encryption User Data IPsec Encrypted Tunnel * Industry standard Wi. Fi Protected Access, evolving to 802. 11 i ** TLS, TTLS, PEAP Delivering multiple layers of security enables secure, “anytime, anywhere” access NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 14

Security – Network Level Trusted Network Un-trusted Network AP 7200 AP Discovery and Authentication NAP-R AP 7220 Wireless Gateway 7250 NOSS RADIUS with EAP Extensions 802. 1 X/EAPOL Authenticated per packet EAP Authentication Signaling Traffic Mobility Management Network Mgmt Traffic SNMP Authenticated for SNMP v 3 only (after 1 st release) IPsec Encrypted Tunnel Signaling Traffic Link Signaling 128 bit Encryption Delivering multiple layers of security enables secure, “anytime, anywhere” access NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 15

Live WMN Deployments – University of Arkansas >University of Arkansas • 130 Buildings, 345 Acres in Ozark Mountains • 17 K Students, 5 K Faculty >Broadband capability • 2 x 50 Mbps Internet WAN links • Gigabit Ethernet campus core network • 10/100 switched Ethernet to most desktops • 10/100 switched "per pillow" residence hall network • Wireless "Hotspots"; general use, public safety, parking tickets • Wireless bridging for satellite offices WMN Solution addresses key concerns such as: • scalability • reaching outdoor areas where wired infrastructure would not be feasible • trees and buildings creating radio "shadow" areas • ad hoc 802. 11 b/g SOHO access points - channel interference • bandwidth saturation • network management >Why Outdoors? • Attractive outdoor seating areas • Relatively mild weather • Outdoor areas conducive to gatherings (ARKU Mall, Fulbright Peace Fountain, Old Main lawn) • Supplement Public Safety, Facilities Management work orders, parking ticket, book store end of term book buy-back • Future for Wi-Fi IP Phones > Press Release http: //www. nortelnetworks. com/corporate/newsreleases/2004 d/1 0_19_04_univ_of_arkansas. html NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 16

Edith Cowan University First Wireless Mesh Network in Australia > Australia's first wireless mesh network • Using wireless mesh and local area network (LAN) solutions from Nortel • Plans to deploy before the end of 2004 > Edith Cowan University • Almost 23, 000 students including 3, 000 international enrollments • Second-largest university in Western Australia. • Metropolitan campuses in Churchlands, Mount Lawley and Joondalup and a regional campus in Bunbury > Delivering innovative Broadband capability • Providing staff and students seamless wireless access to University applications and resources • Extended reach: Provide coverage both inside and outside the campus buildings, • Scalability: Nortel’s Wireless Mesh Network solution enables Edith Cowan University to meet current and future bandwidth demands • Flexibility: Nortel’s Wireless Mesh Networks solution enables Edith Cowan to accommodate future technology such as converged voice, video and data communications. Significant potential cost savings “We've determined that up to 70 per cent of mobile calls are from a campus base station to a campus phone, " said Jeff Murray, IT manager, Edith Cowan University. "Future capabilities of the wireless mesh network can make this service available to all students and staff and can save AU$300, 000, which means the new network will basically pay for itself. " > Future applications • Plans to trial Nortel’s Multimedia Communications Server (MCS) 5100 in the next 12 months with a view to enabling converged multimedia (voice, video and data streaming) services over the wireless mesh network. > Press Release http: //www. nortelnetworks. com/corporate/newsreleas es/2004 d/10_19_04_univ_of_arkansas. html • Also, due to the University's geographical spread, it had to be hardy enough to service both metropolitan and rural environments. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 17

Public WMN Trial Site: National Taiwan University and its Surrounding Business Area CAN 2_AP 1 CAN 3_AP 3 CAN 1_AP 1 CAN 3_NAP CAN 1_AP 2 CAN 1_NAP CAN 3_AP 2 CAN 3_AP 1 § Innovative Wireless Mesh Network Solution for Public WLAN: Providing campus-wide indoor and outdoor coverage to NTU’s professors, students, and staff as benchmark, leading-edge wireless mesh deployment in Taiwan § Partner with Taiwan local companies for network build-out: Using range extender solutions to provide WMN relay to enhance outdoor to indoor coverage § § Nortel Networks first Wireless Mesh Network deployment in Asia § § Support for multimedia applications (web browsing, video streaming, e-mail) § Press Release: http: //www. nortelnetworks. com/corporate/newsreleases/2004 c/08_05_04_national_taiwan_university. html Includes a comprehensive network solution: Up to 17 Wireless AP 7220 s, 1 Passport 1424 (NAP-R), 1 Optivity NMS Software, Wireless Gateway 7250, 2220/2221 WLAN Mobile Adapters Demo of advanced applications (Wi-Fi voice over IP, seamless hand-over while driving at speeds of 50 kilometers per hour, surveillance video using web cam)* *Initial Testing done on pre-GA Release 1. 0 software load NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL PG 18

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