William Shakespeare Life and Times
Family Background Parents: John and Mary l Dad was a Glover – considered a skilled craftsman l Served as Bailiff of Stratford – the town’s chief officer and local agent of the gov’t in London l Born in 1564, William was 3 rd of 8 children (oldest son) l
Bed where William was born
Early Life Best schooling available as the son of a well-to-do Burgess l Grammar, logic, rhetoric, Latin l Lived in Stratford-Upon-Avon l Small town with 200 homes, orchards, gardens l Important crossing point over Avon River l
Marriage and Family l l l Married Anne Hathaway – 8 years older than he, and pregnant A very common woman of the day illiterate Susanna - 1583 Twins - Hamnet and Judith - 1585 Hamnet died at age 11 probably of The Plague
William goes to London Probably in search of more money than he could make in Stratford, William left Anne and the kids and went to London l Joined a company of actors (players) – all men – sometime in the mid 1580’s l Became involved in a theatre called “The Theatre” l
Burst of Theatre Activity Lyly, Peele, Greene, Kyd – popular writers l Christopher Marlowe was a peer of William’s l Most playwrights were university trained gentleman l Many theatres were built: Theatre, The Curtain, The Rose, The Swan – all before Shakespeare’s famous theatre l
THE GLOBE
The Globe is Shakespeare’s Theatre Built in 1599 l Managed by a company of men called “sharers” because they shared the expenses and profits l The Lord Chamberlain’s Men ran The Globe – Shakespeare was one of them l There were 8 Sharers in 1596 l Hired men were paid weekly – did not share the profits l
The Globe – Open Top Structure
Strangely Built Timbers used from tearing down Theatre because their landlord was not renewing their lease l Not really circular – had 20 sides l Was 100 feet across l Held about 2000 people l The Yard – where people stood around the stage l 3 Galleries where people sat on benches l
The Globe
1599 -1613 l l l Fire destroyed The Globe during a performance of Henry VIII A cannon shot off thru the open roof ignited the thatch roof on fire It kindled inwardly and consumed the building in less than an hour Only one man had his breeches set on fire The 2 nd Globe Theatre had a tiled roof
Life Back at Home William seems to have been an “absent” husband father, sending money home occasionally but not visiting often l Both daughters married and stayed in Stratford l His granddaughter Elizabeth lived from 1626 -1670 and was his last direct descendent l
The Last Years Queen Elizabeth died in 1603 and was succeeded by King James I l The Lord Chamberlain’s Men were recognized as The King’s Men l Shakespeare was seen as a member of the Royal Household l 1613 Shakespeare retired to New Place in Stratford (the home of Susanna and her husband, a doctor) l
Shakespeare Died 23 April 1616
37 works live on 1590: Henry VI, part 1 Henry VI, part 2 Henry VI, part 3 1592: Richard III Titus Andronicus 1593: The Comedy of Errors The Taming of the Shrew 1594 : The Two Gentlemen of Verona Love’s Labour’s Lost 1595: Romeo and Juliet Richard II 1596: A Midsummer Night’s Dream King John 1597: The Merchant of Venice Henry IV, part 1 1598: Henry IV, part 2 The Merry Wives of Windsor
Bibliography l Morley, Jacqueline and John James. Shakespeare’s Theater. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1999. l Parker, Michael St. John. William Shakespeare – The Pitkin Guide. Hampshire UK: Pitkin Unichrome, 2000.
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