WII The Home Front The US Mobilizes

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WII – The Home Front The US Mobilizes for War

From Isolationism to Intervention 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Neutrality Acts Cash and Carry Selective Service Act and Increased defense spending Lend-Lease Act, later extended to USSR Attack Wolf-Packs in Self defense Atlantic Charter USS Greer attack & Shoot on site policy Cut off trade with Japan Pearl Harbor attack FDR asks Congress for a Declaration of War

Military • Selective Service and the GI – thousands volunteer • Army Air Corp. accepts A. A. – segregated • Women Enlist – WAACS, WAVES • Mexican Am - enlist

Financing • War Bonds Drive • Advertising to persuade Americans to loan money to the federal government

Industries • Encouraged by FDR before the Pearl Harbor to convert to war production to supply allies through Lend-Lease Act • Factory jobs during the war filled with AA and women • Rosie the Riveter

Rationing • MANDATORY • Coupon Ration books issued • Mandatory WWII Ration

Typical Weekly Ration for One Person A Typical weekly ration for one Person Bacon and ham: 4 oz (100 g) Meat: To the value of 1 s. 2 d (6 p today). Sausages were not rationed but difficult to get; offal (liver, kidneys, tripes) was originally unrationed but sometimes formed part of the meat ration. Cheese: 2 oz(50 g) sometimes it went up to 4 oz (100 g) and even up to 8 oz (225 g). Margarine: 4 oz (100 g) Butter: 2 oz (50 g) Milk: 3 pints(1800 ml) occasionally dropping to 2 pints (1200 ml). Household milk (skimmed or dried) was available : 1 packet per four weeks. Sugar: 8 oz (225 g). Jam: 1 lb (450 g) every two months. Tea: 2 oz (50 g). Eggs: 1 fresh egg a week if available but often only one every two weeks. Dried eggs 1 packet every four weeks. Sweets: 12 oz (350 g) every four weeks

Government Controls the Economy • See Chart page 773 • What agencies were created and what did they do? • How did the government control the economy during WWII?

Racial Tensions • A. Phillip Randolph – access to wartime jobs for AA • Segregation-military • Mexican Americans – Zoot Suits in LA • Suspicion of Japanese Americans Executive Order 8802 1941 - Defense plants initially resisted hiring African-Americans. But in 1941, A. Philip Randolph (front, center), president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, threatened to have 100, 000 blacks march on Washington to protest job discrimination. President Franklin Roosevelt yielded to Randolph's demand. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, prohibiting discrimination in defense jobs or government.

Japanese Internment • American Citizens • Lost Homes, property • Ran own schools • Supported war effort • Korematsu v. US – see pp 802 -03 • Reparations-1988

Assessment – Home front • Compare the home front in WWI to WWII – including: economy, racism, role of government & agencies • Explain the impact of the war effort on the depressed economy • How do you think the role of women and AA during the war will impact later movements?

HOLOCAUST • Final Solution and Kristallnacht • Immigration laws not eased, boat turned away • No attempt by allies to stop deportation to camps – not a military priority • Shocked by conditions of camps when liberated • Military – Did NOTHING during the war to stop shipments to OR liberate camps

Comparisons Evaluate the decision of the US government to evacuate Japanese Americans as “military necessity” Identify any similarities/differences between Japanese camps, Holocaust Camps, and the US prisons in Guantanomo Bay during the war in with Iraq.

War Crimes Trials • Nuremberg Trials • 24 charged, 12 executed • “Just following orders” not accepted – Individuals are responsible for their own actions • Sets precedent for future trials on war crimes • Has NOT ended genocide • Establishment of Israel rim C Ag es st H ain nity ma u

Assessment - Holocaust • Summarize the world’s response to the Final Solution. • Infer the effectiveness of the war crimes trials as a deterrent to future actions. • Explain the reasons for the establishment of, and the American support for, Israel.

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