Wichita State University s Herbarium Filling a Critical Gap

Wichita State University’s Herbarium: Filling a Critical Gap Presented by Mary Liz Jameson and Susan Matveyeva With collaboration from F. Leland Russell, Sai Deng, and Stephen Scott Great Plains Plant Systematics Meeting Konza Conference Center October 8, 2010

The Wichita State University Herbarium is one of the nine Kansas Herbaria

The Wichita State University Herbarium is one of the nine Kansas Herbaria • The herbarium and database contribute to the biological infrastructure of the state by making specimen-level information accessible. • Active plant population and community research increases the need for knowledge of floral diversity, seasonality and distributional data. • Flora associated with WSU Reserves provide data in regions that are now primarily agriculture or ranching. Leland Russell examining plant specimens

The Wichita State University Herbarium fills a critical gap in our understanding of Great Plains flora • Our herbarium contains many specimens from south-central Kansas and regions that are poorly represented in collections

The Wichita State University Herbarium fills a critical gap in our understanding of Great Plains flora • Examples of species represented in our herbarium that are not recorded in Kansas County Mapper. • Distributions are important in our understanding endangered and invasive species Bouteloua hirsuta Asclepias syriaca Helianthus maximiliani Lespedeza cuneata Data from http: //www. konza. ksu. edu/herbmap/

Entire Collection Electronically Databased • Data recorded Excel • Some fields not Darwin Core compliant • Efforts to retroactively capture geographic data (using Bio. Geo. Mancer) • All new specimens are geo-tagged

The Vision: WSU Virtual Herbarium • Collaboration with the WSU Library and Department of Biology • Training of undergraduate students in field botany (early season or late season collecting on WSU Reserves), databasing, digitizing, and curation • Augmentation of collection with high quality specimens (geo-tagged specimens, field images) • Verification of database records • Georeferenced data allow for on-the-fly maps • Digitized images are zoomable, thus enabling examination of fine structures and label data • Data and images available on WSU Library server • In-field tools will allow geo-tagging of images and direct up-load to external database

Digitizing Specimens • Protocols and standards were UNM Museum of Southwestern Biology • Students verified existing database, modified specific fields • Image name derived from first two letters of genus + species name + specimen number (e. g. , AShirtella 178 = Asclepias hirtella specimen number 178) • For high resolution and zooming, borrowed the Library’s 12 megapixel camera • Images taken using a large copy stand • Images converted for on-line access

Long-Term Goals • Provide on-line access to biodiversity data and - ecological modeling - specimen/species mapping http: //herbarium. uvu. edu/Virtual/

Long-Term Goals • Provide on-line access to biodiversity data and - ecological modeling - specimen/species mapping - tools for identification - checklists for selected regions • Radius search provides a checklist • Key to plants in a region by pick boxes

Long-Term Goals • Provide on-line access to biodiversity data and - ecological modeling - specimen/species mapping - tools for identification - checklists for selected regions - in-field tools with direct upload to external database - citizen science tools Up-load data with your mobile device The Biofinity i. Phone application automatically tags a photo with latitude and longitude coordinates, date, and time. The application programmer interface (API) automatically sends data to the external database. - collaborative research tools - phylogenetic tools (BLAST, Cypress) - integration of data from GBIF and NCBI - phenology - predictive modeling (endangered species, invasive species) Query the database repository based on locality, taxon name, date, sequence data, etc. Use web-based tools on Biofinity to examine evolutionary relationships. Query by RSS (e. g. , an unnamed image of floral or fauna) Massive amounts of data will be able to be processed quickly, inferences will be able to be drawn, and actions can be implemented on the basis of this new knowledge. When data are federated and made accessible, biological research will be conducted in a manner that is quite unlike the way that it is done now.

SOAR as a publishing / archiving platform for WSU Herbarium • SOAR is the institutional repository of Wichita State Univ. • Implemented & maintained by University Libraries • Established in 2007 to provide secure, stable environment for digital scholarship created or curated by WSU authors • Serves dual function of publishing platform & digital archives • Includes scholarly genres from e -books and articles, conference papers, theses & dissertations to data sets, videos, & web sites

SOAR as a publishing / archiving platform for WSU Herbarium System Information DSpace 1. 4. 2 DSpace 1. 6. 2 Platform Java 1. 4. 2_17 Java-1. 6. 0 -sun-1. 6. 0. 211 jpp. 2. el 5 Software building Apache Ant 1. 6. 5 Ant-1. 6. 5 -2 jpp. 2 Apache Maven 2. 2. 1 (r 801777; 2009 -08 -06 14: 16: 01 -0500) Server Tomcat 4. 1. 31 Tomcat 5 -5. 5. 230 jpp. 7. el 5_3. 2 Database Postgres 8. 1. 4 Postgresql-8. 1. 211. el 5_5. 1 *System Information provided by Baseer Khan and Andy Speagle.

SOAR as a publishing / archiving platform for WSU Herbarium • Museum collections and data sets are an important part of SOAR content • Lowell D. Holmes Museum of Anthropology (Pueblo Indian Pottery, Waconda Lake archaeological artifacts, Asmat and Korowai anthropological videos filmed in Indonesia) • Library Special Collections (Kansas towns and cities digital images) • Virtual Herbarium – just another museum collection?

SOAR as a publishing / archiving platform for WSU Herbarium • Virtual Herbarium is NOT just another museum collection: -- multiple specialized database management systems (see incomplete & outdated sample on the right) -- variety of complex web sites & portals created by large universities, museums & centers -- subject specific metadata (Darwin Core) -- nobody before (at the best of my knowledge) used DSpace as front & back end for Virtual Herbaria http: //www. virtualherbarium. org/vh/othersystems. html

SOAR as a publishing / archiving platform for WSU Herbarium • Advantages of using SOAR / DSpace for WSU Herbarium: – Stable, secure, free, well maintained, state-of-the-art system – WSU biologists have control over the collection (collaborative in-house project) – As part of multi-subject environment, herbarium is open to wider audience Core values of Dw. C is preserved: -- native Dw. C fields added --crosswalk DC – Dw. C created -- specimen label data is used in records as much as possible -- metadata enhanced with additional fields to increase collection findability

Data Flow Diagram Data Packages Metadata in Spreadsheet dublin_core. xml Data cleanup Image Folder Java Program Data normalization darwin_core. xml Program customization contents (list) … Web Browser Tomcat Server DSpace batch import Original data and images provided by Biological Sciences Department. The Java program (Meta. Data. Import) is customized based on Blooma Mohan John’s add on to facilitate DSpace batch import. Program customization by Tse-Min Wang and Sai Deng. Diagram by Sai Deng.

Herbarium Data Fields Original Data Field Dublin Core Darwin Core Sample Data WSU collection number identifier 2294 Species name title Agropyron smithii Rydb. [Taxon] Common name title. alternative Western wheat-grass Specific Locality; country; State; County coverage. spacial North America; United States; Kansas; Butler Co. ; SW 1/4, Sec 34, T 28 S, R 4 E Collected by contributor. author Winter, Ann [Collector] Identified By contributor. author Winter, Ann [Cataloger] Date collected date. created 1983 -06 -14 Date issued date. issued 1983 -06 -14 Family family Poaceae Altitude verbatim. Elevation 1300' Habitat habitat roadside Latitude verbatim. Latitude Longitude verbatim. Longitude

Herbarium Data Fields (Continued) Original data field Dublin Core Darwin Core Sample data type subject Poaceae; Agropyron smithii Rydb. ; Western wheat-grass subject. Classification Introduced/Native image PASM description rights Copyright Wichita State University, 2010 source WSU herbarium Identifier. uri http: //library. wichita. edu/techserv /herbarium/browse. asp? id=2294 publisher Wichita State University. Dept. of Biological Sciences relation U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service relation. uri http: //plants. usda. gov/

External Zoom Site created by using Zoomify EZ.

What is next? Development of Research Digital Environment • Digital workflow for complete data life cycle: – from collecting plants (Biofinity, My Labs) to – adding collections to the updated and enhanced SOAR (internal image zoom; native Dw. C metadata; improved search and indexes) • Reuse data in collaborative projects with other regional herbaria • Integrate tools for investigation and discovery • Federate data from regional collections to increase predictive power • Welcome colleagues to WSU for collecting and collections research!

Thank you!! Any questions?