WHII SOL 6 c Restoration and Glorious Revolution

WHII: SOL 6 c Restoration and Glorious Revolution

Commonwealth • After the death of Charles I, Parliament abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Church of England • Established the Commonwealth of England under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell

Challenges • Commonwealth faced many challenges – Supporters of Charles II attacked England thru Scotland Ireland – Cromwell took harsh measures against Irish Catholics – Levellers thought that poor men should have equal say in government – Puritans had a new level of control, passed laws that influenced social and moral behavior

The Restoration • 1658 -Cromwell dies • Many people were tired of strict military rule and Puritan ways • 1660, Parliament invited Charles II to return to England from exile • Charles II was a very popular ruler, reestablished the Church of England, accepted the Petition of Right, shrewd when dealing with Parliament (had secret Catholic sympathies)

Glorious Revolution • James II-Charles’ brother became king in 1685 • James practiced his Catholic faith openly, suspended laws, and appointed Catholics to high offices • 1688 -James’ daughter Mary and her husband William III from Orange were invited to become the rulers of England • **Mary and her husband were Protestant

Glorious Revolution • Mary and her husband arrived in England, James fled to France • This bloodless overthrow is known as the Glorious revolution • Before they were crowned William and Mary had to agree to several acts passed by Parliament, known as the English Bill of Rights

English Bill of Rights • Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy • Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly • Gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” or control over spending • King or Queen could no longer suspend laws • No Catholic could sit on the Throne

English Bill of Rights • Reinstated traditional rights of Englishmen – Trial by jury – No cruel and unusual punishments – Habeas Corpus – Toleration Act granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters • Glorious Revolution resulted in a limited monarchy: a constitution or legislative body limits the powers of a monarch

Development of the rights of Englishmen The restoration of Charles II Development of political parties/factions Glorious Revolution (William and Mary) Increase of parliamentary power and decrease of royal power • English Bill of Rights of 1689 • •