Which environmental problem affects large areas in both the Amazon Basin and central Africa? 1. deforestation 2. nuclear waste 3. acid rain 4. air pollution 1
In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests as a means of 1. achieving economic prosperity 2. increasing the national debt 3. controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples 4. preventing exploitation by imperialist nations 2
Which of the following demonstrates “desertification”? 1. Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest. 2. Knights in shining armor headed towards Jerusalem. 3. Winds coming off the Sahara devouring valuable Egyptian farmland 4. An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan generating a tidal wave 3
The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil and the effects of acid rain on the forests of North America and Europe demonstrate that 1. the nations of the world have been successful in protecting the environment 2. problems in one region of the world can adversely affect the environment of another region 3. each nation must act alone to solve its environmental problems 4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world 4
Which ENVIRONMENTAL problem affects large areas in both the Amazon Basin and central Africa? 1. deforestation 2. nuclear waste 3. acid rain 4. air pollution 5
In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests as a means of 1. achieving economic prosperity 2. increasing the national debt 3. controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples 4. preventing exploitation by imperialist nations The process is known as deliberate “deforestation” Trees are cut for $$$ … making furniture … building houses 6
Which of the following demonstrates “desertification”? 1. Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest. 2. Knights in shining armor headed towards Jerusalem. 3. Winds coming off the Sahara devouring valuable Egyptian farmland 4. An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan generating a tidal wave Desertification = desert sands expanding … covering land 7
The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil and the effects of acid rain on the forests of North America and Europe demonstrate that 1. the nations of the world have been successful in protecting the environment 2. problems in one region of the world can adversely affect the environment of another region 3. each nation must act alone to solve its environmental problems 4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world 8
Age of Exploration • Caused by: * Search for “Water Route” (Spices) * Gold * Glory * God • Technological improvements - Maps, Compass, • $ CAPITAL $ to fund Expeditions • Crusades help lead to Imperialism 9
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Pre-Columbian Civilizations • OLMECS: Mexico - 1200 BCE - ceremonial temples & writing • MAYAS in Mexico and Guatemala: - temples, palaces, math, calendar, writing system 12
Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Aztecs in Mexico - warriors - cities, palaces, writing, empire • Incas in Andes Mountains … Peru - built cities, irrigation systems - empire connected by trails - record keeping system 13
PRE - COLUMBIAN 14
Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Results: - Cultural diffusion + Columbian Exchange - gold & silver - disease - Food (corn, tomatoes, tobacco) • Transatlantic Slave Trade … Middle Passage / Triangular Trade • Colonialism - rigid CLASS System 15
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Which two groups had the most influence on Colonial Latin America? 1. Holland Protestantism 2. Spain and the Roman Catholic Church 3. Italy and Oceanography 4. Germany and the Holocaust 18
40. In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by (1) education (3) birth (2) wealth (4) power 19
Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans? (1) The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined. 20
Which two groups had the most influence on Colonial Latin America? 1. Holland Protestantism 2. Spain and the Roman Catholic Church 3. Italy and Oceanography 4. Germany and the Holocaust . . . The Crusades. . . Imperialism. . Mercantilism. . . 21
40. In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by (1) education (2) wealth (3) birth (4) power Social hierarchy = structure … how things are arranged … the pecking order 22
Which statement describes an impact Columbian Exchange that the had on the lives of Europeans? (1)The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined. 23
Latin America: INDEPENDENCE • INDEPENDENCE movements 1810 - - - > - Simon Bolivar … “Gran Colombia” - Jose de San Martin - Miguel Hidalgo - Touissaint L’Ouverture • From independence to the middle of the 20 th Century POWER held by military landowners 24
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Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three? 1. Nations of Latin America won independence. 2. Revolutions occurred in North America and France. 3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power. 4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule. 26
Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo, Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about 1. a decline in the power of the military 2. independence for Latin American nations 3. the use of technology in manufacturing 4. the defeat of native people by the Europeans 27
Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three? 1. Nations of Latin America won independence. 2. Revolutions occurred in North America and France. 3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power. 4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule. 28
Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo, Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about 1. a decline in the power of the military 2. independence for Latin American nations 3. the use of technology in manufacturing 4. the defeat of native people by the Europeans 29
Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia” was 1. to turn South America into a confederation of states similar to that found in the United States. 2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago. 3. name a Spanish colony for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus. 4. into a major sea-going nation. 30
Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three? 1. Nations of Latin America won independence. 2. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power. 3. Revolutions occurred in North America and France. 4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule. 31
For the majority of people in Latin America . . . the wars fought against the Spanish for freedom in the early 1800 s 1. made them extremely wealthy 2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish 3. did not change their everyday lives, nor improve their standard of living 4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule 32
During the early 1800 s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by 1. the American & French Revolutions of the 1700 s 2. Ancient Egypt & Ancient China 3. Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900 s 4. the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai 33
Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia” was 1. to turn South America into a confederation of states similar to that found in the United States. 2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago. 3. name a Spanish colony for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus. 4. into a major sea-going nation. 34
Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three? 1. Nations of Latin America won independence. 2. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power. 3. Revolutions occurred in North America and France. 4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule. 35
For the majority of people in Latin America . . . the wars fought against the Spanish for freedom in the early 1800 s 1. made them extremely wealthy 2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish 3. did not change their everyday lives, nor improve their standard of living 4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule 36
During the early 1800 s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by 1. the American & French Revolutions of the 1700 s 2. Ancient Egypt & Ancient China 3. Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900 s 4. the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai The people underlined are all “nationalistic” leaders … They fought for independence from Spain: Father Miguel Hidalgo … for Mexico Simon Bolivar … for South America. . Originally from Venezuela 37
POST World War II: Latin America • 1950 s. . Cuba. . Fidel Castro leads Communist Revolution • 1970 s. . . Economic trouble. . 1 crop economies depend on world market prices • Nicaragua. . 1980 s. . Short lived communist rule • 1980 s. . Move towards democratic governments. . Many nations 38
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One similarity between the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Chinese Revolution of 1949, and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 is that they all 1. brought communist governments to power. 2. failed to overthrow existing governments. 3. led to world wars. 4. were fought to free ethnic minorities. 41
The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of (1) Confucius (2) Napoleon (3) Otto von Bismarck (4) Karl Marx 42
“The Andes isolated the Incas and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia. ” This statement indicates that 1. 2. 3. 4. fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism a common language and religion are important in modern nations cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture the natural environment helps to shape political development 43
For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single cash -crop economies has led to 1. unstable economies as world market prices rise and fall 2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to increase 3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers 4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food exceeds demand 44
One similarity between the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Chinese Revolution of 1949, and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 is that they all 1. brought communist governments to power. 2. failed to overthrow existing governments. 3. led to world wars. 4. were fought to free ethnic minorities. The revolutions mentioned were led by Lenin, Mao Zedong & Fidel Castro. Each won the support of the peasants by promising LAND REFORM. 45
The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of (1) Confucius (2) Napoleon (3) Otto von Bismarck (4) Karl Marx Main concept. . “COMMUNISM”. . Karl Marx wrote about the “worker’s (proletariat) revolution in “the Communist Manifesto” This idea was picked by Lenin & Stalin (USSR) and Mao Zedong & Deng Xiaoping (Communist China) + the people mentioned in 46 the question.
“The Andes isolated the Incas and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia. ” This statement indicates that 1. fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism 2. a common language and religion are important in modern nations 3. cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture 4. the natural environment helps to shape political development 47
For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single (1) cash-crop economies has led to 1. unstable economies as world market prices rise and fall 2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to increase 3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers 4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food exceeds demand Cash crop = something you grow with the intention of selling it to earn $$$ … if the price for it on the world market drops & it’s the only thing you’re growing you’re sunk 48
Fidel Castro since the Fall of SOVIET COMMUNISM Fidel is still in power. . But is Cuba is having economic difficulty. . Because it no longer receives $$$ from the Soviet Union 49
What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba? 1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular Communist leader. 2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured the prosperity of the Cubans. 3. Castro is struggling to maintain a Communist state. 4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the 50 United States.
What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba? 1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular Communist leader. 2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured the prosperity of the Cubans. 3. Castro is struggling to maintain a Communist state. 4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the United States. NOTE: Castro & Cuba are NOT the only ones struggling to survive since the end of Soviet Communism. - While Castro & Cuba are still communist. . many former communist Eastern European nations + Russia are still struggling as they change from a command economy to a capitalist one. Russia is also struggling to change politically from 51 totalitarianism to democracy
GLOBAL COOPERATION • Common Market … Europe. . . EEC - - - > EU … - Euro ($) - … • NAFTA … Latin America 52
The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this agreement would 1. raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico. 2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence on Europe. 3. promote investment and economic growth in Mexico. 4. stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America. 53
Which idea is illustrated by the fact that: the United States buys lumber and coffee from Brazil and Brazil buys computers and electronics from the United States 1. isolationism 2. self-sufficiency 3. imperialism 4. interdependence 54
Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most accurate? 1. The European Union dissolved because of disagreements among its members. 2. The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe. 3. Some nations are now being forced to become members of the European Union. 4. The European Union has recently expanded to include North African nations. 55
The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this agreement would 1. raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico. 2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence on Europe. 3. promote investment and economic growth in Mexico. 4. stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America. . EU (European Union). . . 56
Which idea is illustrated by the fact that: the United States buys lumber and coffee from Brazil and Brazil buys computers and electronics from the United States 1. isolationism 2. self-sufficiency 3. imperialism 4. interdependence 57
Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most accurate? 1. The European Union dissolved because of disagreements among its members. 2. The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe. 3. Some nations are now being forced to become members of the European Union. 4. The European Union has recently expanded to include North African nations. EU … EEC … Common Market … NAFTA = lower tariffs … taxes on imports … make goods cheaper to buy 58
v GLOBAL ISSUES § Can appear • in multiple choice questions • in Essays –Thematic –DBQ 59
GLOBAL ISSUES • Human Rights (Civil Liberties) • Overpopulation • Disease • desertification • deforestation 60
GLOBAL ISSUES • Pollution … air, water, & land • nuclear proliferation (nuclear weapons) 61
During the late 20 th century, in which area did deforestation become a serious problem? 1. Great European Plain 2. Amazon Basin 3. Deccan Plateau 4. Great Rift Valley 62
Deforestation, acid rain, and the greenhouse effect are major world problems that indicate a need for 1. cooperation between nations to reduce pollution and environmental destruction 2. the development of mass transit systems in developing nations 3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil 4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of the world 63
During the late 20 th century, in which area did deforestation become a serious problem? 1. Great European Plain 2. Amazon Basin 3. Deccan Plateau 4. Great Rift Valley HINT: … Another term for “deforestation” = cutting down rainforests 64
Deforestation, acid rain, and the greenhouse effect are major world problems that indicate a need for 1. cooperation between nations to reduce pollution and environmental destruction 2. the development of mass transit systems in developing nations 3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil 4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of the world HINT: … Multiple term question all relating to “AIR POLLUTION” 65
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