WHI SOL 3 a-e Mesopotamia Early River Valley

WHI: SOL 3 a-e Mesopotamia Early River Valley Civilizations

Akkad • Sargon-ruler of Akkad, conquered and invaded neighboring city-states (2300 b. c. e. ) • 1 st empire in history- empire a group of cities or states controlled by one ruler • After Sargon’s death the empire was conquered and fell

Babylon • 1790 b. c. e Hammurabi King of Babylon brought most of the Sumerian region under his control • Known for Code of Hammurabi • Established set of laws • 1 st to codify a set of laws- codify to arrange and set down in writing • Code dealt with civil law (private mattersbusiness, property, divorce, marriage, taxes, etc. ) • Code also dealt with criminal law (offenses against others-murder, robbery, assault)

Hittites • Moved out of Asia Minor in 1400 b. c. • **brought knowledge of how to extract (get out) iron from ore • Tools and weapons made of iron were harder, had sharper edges than those of bronze or copper • After their empire collapsed, ironsmiths travelled and spread the knowledge to Asia, Africa, and Europe • Ushered in Iron Age**

Assyria • • • Among most feared warriors in history Conquered many regions Well-ordered society Extensive library Extreme wealth for royals

New Babylon(Chaldea) • Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt the city of Babylon • 85 ft. high walls, large moat • Hanging Gardens of Babylon (once one of the 7 wonders of the world) • Rebuilt a magnificent ziggurat

Phoenicians • Located along the eastern Mediterranean Sea • Sea traders • Traded glass (made from sand) and purple dye for tin and European goods • Established colonies in N. Africa, Sicily, and Spain • “Carriers of civilization” created an alphabet based on sound (i. e. Phonics, phonetic)

Israel(Judaism) • Origins • Abraham (founder) made a covenant (a promise or agreement) with God • Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, gave them the 10 Commandments • Jerusalem main city, part of the “promised land” of Canaan, rebuilt by Solomon captured by various empires over time, still disputed

Israel • Beliefs, traditions, and customs • Belief in one God (monotheism) • Torah, which contains the written records and beliefs of the Jews • Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious conduct • Patriarchal, men hold greatest legal and moral authority

Israel • Spread of Judaism • Exile- to force out • Diaspora- the spreading of the Jewish people all over the world