Where are we now? - STRATEGIC IMPACT OF IT - MANAGING IN THE MARKETSPACE - IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES/ CREATING VALUE - EMERGING INTERNET MODELS - BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION - INTERNATIONAL ISSUES OF E-COMMERCE
How did Adobe established Postscript as a de facto Standard? Lessons 1. Made Postscript an “open” standard 2. Overcame the chicken-egg problem - Alliances with Apple, Aldus, and Linoty-Hell - Foster third-party applications to be developed - Develop in-house applications - Develop a Postscript font library - Made it easy for printer manufactures - Target lead users
How did Adobe make money from Postscript? 1. Licensing fees and upgrades 2. Applications that utilize Postscript 3. Sales of Fonts.
Larger installed base of applications software using Postscript More applications developers add Postscript support Postscript is added by additional laser printer manufactures Larger installed base of Postscript laser printers
“Each Technology connect us to some opportunities while disconnecting us from others. ” We need to consider each new technology under 3 broad aspects: 1. The technology itself, 2. The goals of the technology, and 3 The effects of the technology
Follow-Up Since Nov. 2000: e. Book market has continued to grow slowly Christmas 2000 sales of e. Book devices were disappointing BN. com continued to be the most aggressive e. Book seller Adobe acquired Glassbook Panning to integrate Glassbook Reader and Acrobat Reader Working with BN. com to have books exclusively in PDF
THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THE ADOBE SYSTEMS INC. CASE STUDY WERE: 1. To explore the tension between establishing a de facto standard and making money from it. 2. To analyze the drivers of winner-take 0 all dynamics, in particular network externalities. 3. To understand the importance of industry/market definition in the evolution of standards. 4. To examine strategy-making under uncertainty.
Other Interesting Reference “The Art of Standards War” by C. Shapiro and H. Varian. California Management Review, Vol. 41(2), 1999, pp. 8 -32. Taming the Beast: Choice & Control in the Electronic Jungle by Jason Ohler. Technos Press, 2000.