What People Who Care About The Earth Should Know About How Their Food is Grown
Just a few of the issues……. GMOs pesticides artificial/chemical fertilizers manure animal by-products animal exploitation loss of wild space and habitat
• Monsanto to Sell Biotech Sweet Corn for U. S. Consumers • By Jack Kaskey - Aug 4, 2011 11: 25 AM PT • Monsanto Co. (MON), the world’s biggest vegetable seed maker, said it will begin selling genetically modified sweet corn in the U. S. this year, the first product it has developed for the consumer market.
Pesticides kill pollinators and beneficial insects…… Free eco-system providers
…… and birds…. Photo Courtesy of USFWS
…… and amphibians, such as the Red-legged Frog a Species in Decline, Photo Courtesy of USDA NRCS
Chemical fertilizers = ground water pollution through nitrate and phosphate leaching erosion Mississippi Delta Dead Zone Soil food web Changes in number and species
CAFO Concentrated Animal Feedin Operations Dairy cow POWs on a 3000 cow operation
Fish Farm on the Snake River in ID …. . and pollution downstream
TILLAGE and CULTIVATION = LOSS Of EARTHWORMS, SOIL INSECTS AND MICROBES
Loss of habitat - wetlands and riparian areas
Loss of wild areas, “Habitat Connectivity” and biodiversity: Photo Courtesy of USFWS
Organic Agriculture n. The production of crops and animals without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.
NOSB Principles of Organic Production: n Healthy soils and environment n Enhance biodiversity, ecosystem function n Use renewable resources n Plants, animals, techniques are locally adapted n Manage the farm as a system n Traceability
Conventional organic uses manure and animal parts (bones, blood, feathers, bodies) as fertilizer…. . Manure problems: herbicide/antibiotic contamination, nitrate-N leaching into ground water, human pathogens such as E. coli and salmonella…. .
“Cattle are the primary reservoir of Escherichia coli. This has serious implications for the land-based disposal of organic wastes such as cattle manure, cattle slurry and abattoir waste. ” Potential health risks associated with the persistence of Escherichia coli O 157 in agricultural environments 2010 D. L. Jones “This study points out the potential human health risks associated with consumption of fresh vegetables grown in soil amended with antibiotic laden manures. The risks may be higher for people who are allergic to antibiotics and there is also the possibility of enhanced antimicrobial resistance as a result of human consumption of these vegetables. “ Antibiotic Uptake by Plants from Soil Fertilized with Animal Manure 2005 K. Kumar *a, S. C. Guptaa, S. K. Baidoob, B. Chandera and C. J. Rosena
Liquid fish fertilizer sprayed on crops to produce high yields on overtilled, over-cropped soils.
Pastured, organically raised chickens lay eggs in buses that move from one fresh pasture to another.
Pastured chickens are vulnerable to predators who are eliminated by trapping and shooting
Most grocery stores who sell Organic have Zero-tolerance for insects, so Organic farms spray organic insecticides.
31 ay -M -06 a 7 - y-0 J 6 14 un-J 06 21 un-J 06 28 un-J 06 un 5 - -06 J 12 ul-0 -J 6 19 ul-0 -J 6 26 ul-0 -J 6 2 - ul-0 Au 6 9 - g-0 A 6 16 ug-A 06 23 ug-A 06 30 ug-A 06 u 6 - g-0 S 6 13 ep-S 06 20 ep-S 06 27 ep-S 06 e 4 - p-0 O 6 11 ct-O 06 ct -0 6 -M 24 Arthropod Count Per Plot 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 6 6 Arthropod Count Per Plot 18 -0 Ju n 7 - -0 ay M 24 - "Calendar" (Pyrethrin) Treatment Plot Sweeps 6 -0 06 p- 06 6 -0 g- ct O 11 - -S e 27 -S e 13 -A u 30 6 6 -0 ug 16 -A ug 2 A 6 6 l-0 Ju 19 - -0 Ju l 5 - un -0 Spraying Organic Insecticides = Loss of lady bugs, spiders, and syrphid flies 21 -J "Control" Treatment Plot Sweeps Lady Beetle Larvae Nabid Bug Minute Pirate Bug Spider 4 2 0 Lady Beetle Larvae Nabid Bug Minute Pirate Bug Spider
31 ay -M -06 a 7 - y-0 J 6 14 un-J 06 21 un-J 06 28 un-J 06 un 5 - -06 J 12 ul-0 -J 6 19 ul-0 -J 6 26 ul-0 -J 6 2 - ul-0 Au 6 9 - g-0 A 6 16 ug-A 06 23 ug-A 06 30 ug-A 06 u 6 - g-0 S 6 13 ep-S 06 20 ep-S 06 27 ep-S 06 e 4 - p-0 O 6 11 ct-O 06 ct -0 6 -M 24 Arthropod Count Per Plot 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 "Calendar" (Pyrethrin) Treatment Plot Sweeps 6 6 -0 ct -O 11 6 -0 ep -S 27 6 -0 ep -S 13 -0 6 -0 ug -A 30 6 06 gug -A 16 Au 2 - 6 -0 ul -J 19 6 6 -0 -0 Ju l 5 - un -J 21 6 -0 Ju n 7 - -0 ay -M 24 Arthropod Count Per Plot "Threshold" (Bt) Treatment Plot Sweeps 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Lady Beetle Larvae Nabid Bug Minute Pirate Bug Spider Spraying “selective” Organic Insecticides, such as Bt, is better. 0 Lady Beetle Larvae Nabid Bug Minute Pirate Bug Spider
“Industry Standards” for quality: “ Barbie Broccoli” skinny stems, big heads.
“Conventional Organic” vegetable production – lots of bare soil to control weeds. Murdered soil food web
Conventional Organic Production: Monocrop Desert lots of tillage to manage water, nutrients, and weeds.
HOW DO WE RECONNECT NATURE, AGRICULTURE and OURSELVES?
Veganic Farming and Gardening
Veganic farming and gardening is a willingness to balance our existence with the natural world. the soil microorganisms we try not to disturb with excessive tillage, the birds, butterflies, and insects we do not poison with insecticides, the weeds that are not killed with herbicides, and the animals who are not killed for food or fertilizer.
Veganic Works With Nature to Mimic Natural Plant Eco-Systems: Reduced tillage – keeping soil covered, Increased plant diversity, Regular addition of plant residues.
Plant – based Fertilizer System: Using Clover Living Mulches Case study @ Biodesign Farm
NO BARE SOIL - Soil covered spring, summer, fall, & winter.
Light tillage in the spring (lots of plant residue left) Bed making – Plant residue inside beds
Seed new cover between rows in spring, recruits from previous season’s living mulch already re-growing
New living mulch well-established by late spring for broccoli harvest
Mature living mulch kept mowed monthly (surface-applied residue)
Benefits of Living Mulch System: balanced nutrient supply
Improved yield and quality
Improved cold tolerance
Habitat for beneficials provided
Habitat for pollinators = increased fruit set
Long-term soil health improved with Living Mulch system 2003 5. 4 204 222 613 397 1998 7. 6 44 2006 5. 2 260 261 323 254 2024 7. 6 33 N levels drop without manure
No-till Experiments 2004 - 2010
No-till Brussels sprouts www. veganicpermaculture. com
Possible on a large scale? Living mulch experiment on 10 acre field in CO. September 2011
FOREST GARDEN: Seven layers
Peaches, strawberries , and grapes in a forest garden
Releasing fruit trees from the jungle and Chop & Drop mulch on a forest farm in Panama
Farming with Nature: Fukuoka
Conventional organic – raspberries under plastic high tunnels Multilayer, multispecies orchard
PLANT- BASED FERTILIZER IN THE CITY? TRANSFORM LAWN TO GARDEN t
Buy local and ask questions about farming methods. Manure? How do you manage weeds? Insects? Diseases? Veganic/stock-free? Photo Courtesy of Sam Earnshaw
Predator Friendly Label Salmon-Safe Label
Farm Bill 2012 – Change Policy! • Conservation Security Act • Environmental Quality Incentive Program • Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program • Forest Land Enhancement Program • Grasslands Reserve Program • Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program • Wetlands Reserve Program • Organic - NOP • Animal Rights
Wild Farm Alliance wildfarms@earthlink. net wildfarmalliance. org We envision community-based, ecologically managed farms, seamlessly integrated into a landscape that accommodates the full range of native species and ecological processes.
Get involved www. goveganic. net www. northwestveg. org www. veganicpermaculture. com
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