What is the difference between medicines & drugs? l Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. l Drugs are substances other than food that changes the structure or function of the body or mind. Drugs are stimulating in nature and substance and have a high potential to be addicting. *All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines!
Functions of Medicines and Drugs: ¡Help prevent disease Ex: vaccines, antitoxins ¡Fight pathogens Ex: antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral ¡Relieve pain and other symptoms Ex: Analgesics ¡Manage chronic conditions, restore health, and regulates body’s systems Ex: asthma medications, and blood pressure medications, cancer medications, antidepressants, antianxiety medications
7 Categories of Drugs: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Natural Remedies Ex: acupuncture, herbal medicines, yoga, meditation OTC (Over the counter)Ex: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, acetaminophen Prescription Ex: Claritin, Prozac, Xanax, etc. Tobacco Products Ex: cigarettes and smokeless tobacco Alcohol Ex: beer, liquor, wine, etc. Illegal Ex: marijuana, heroin, etc. Unrecognized Ex: caffeine or inhalants
How Drugs are Used l Medicines can be delivered to the body in many ways: Oral (by mouth tablets, capsules, liquids) Topical (applied to the skin – lotion, patch) Inhaled (mist or powder – asthma) l The fastest way medicine is taken for the body to respond is? INJECTION (shots)
Reactions to medications - Side effects – reactions to medicine other than the one intended. Medicine Interactions - Additive interaction – occurs when medicines work together and the total effect of the drugs is the same if they acted individually. (ibuprofen and acetaminophen) - Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect. (acetaminophen and alcohol) - Antagonistic interaction – occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine or drug. (cocaine and heroin)
People take drugs in 3 different ways:
Drug Use l Taking medicine properly and its correct dosage l Example: following directions from your Dr. ’s prescription
Drug Misuse l Using a medicine in ways other than the intended use. l Examples: ¡Taking the wrong amount accidently ¡Taking twice as much to make you feel better ¡Stop taking it too soon ¡Taking medicine prescribed to someone else to feel better
Drug Abuse l Intentionally taking medication for nonmedical reasons l Examples: ¡Taking a medicine that is legal to get high or drunk ¡Using it to lose weight ¡Using illegal drugs ¡Using it underaged
Drug Classes l OTC l Prescription l Stimulants l Depressants l Opiates/Narcotics l Hallucinogens l Marijuana l Club/Designer l Inahalents l Performance Enhancers
Over-the-counter – medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription Common OTC analgesic medicine: 1. Aspirin - Bayer 2. Acetaminophen – Tylenol or Midol 3. Ibuprofen – Advil or Motrin 4. Naproxen sodium - Aleve * Some OTC medicines are controlled
Example of an OTC controlled? Cold medications that contains an ingredient pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine must be kept behind the pharmacy counter. These medications are used to make highly addictive, illegal drugs - METH
Reye’s Syndrome l A condition that can cause liver and brain swelling associated with the use of Aspirin by children and adolescents. l Follows the onset of a viral infection such as the flu or chicken pox. l Symptoms and signs include confusion, weakness, decreased consciousness, and seizures. Seek medical attention if any of these signs/symptoms are observed.
• Medicines that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse practitioner. • A prescription always has a required dose What is dose? The exact amount of a drug. Commonly Prescribed drugs: • Atorvastatin (Lipitor) • Zolpidem (Ambien) • Alprazolam (Xanax) • Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) • Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
How drugs affect your health Physically • Overdose: a serious, sometime fatal reaction to a large dose of a drug • Tolerance: reaction to the drug is reduced over time Mentally • Flashback: an unexpected return to an unpleasant LSD experience, often months after the original experiences ended. Unsure of the cause. q Addiction: A psychological/physiological dependence of a drug.
Illicit Drug Use l selling, using or purchasing of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted l A sign of drug abuse is Dilated Pupils, glazed eyes, weight loss/gain, physical appearance changes l Symptoms include behavior changes, risks taking, relationship problems, reduced inhibition, paranoia, mood swings l A sense of great well being and pleasure brought on by some drugs, also called the “HIGH” Euphoria
Psychoactive drugs l Psychoactive Drugs: chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the brain l Stimulants l Depressants l Opiates (narcotics) l Hallucinogens l Marijuana l Club/Designer Drugs l Inhalants l Performance Enhancers
drugs that speed up the CNS. 1. Cocaine – Illegal. Inhaled (through nose) or diluted and injected “Coke” “Snow” 2. Crack – Illegal. Free base form of cocaine that is heated and smoked. “Rock” 3. Amphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat ADHD. Pill form. “Road Dope” 4. Methamphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat obesity. Can be swallowed, inhaled, smoked or injected. “Meth” “Speed” Increase heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, depression, paranoia, injury, heart failure, coma, and death.
known as a sedative, drugs that tend to slow the CNS. 1. Tranquilizers – Legal with prescription used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill or capsule form. “Bennies” 2. Barbiturates – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Downers” “Barbs” 3. Benzodiazepines – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Benzos” “BZDs” “Goof Balls” Slow heart rate and respiration rate, lower blood pressure, respiratory failure, coma, and death.
Drugs such as those synthesized from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain. 1. Heroin – Illegal. Injected, smoked, or sniffed. “Dope” “Smack” 2. Morphine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “TNT” 3. Codeine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Cody” “School Boy” 4. Oxycodone (Oxy. Contin) – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Drug Store Heroin” “Oxycotton” Slow/shallow breathing, constipation, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory failure, coma, and death.
Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and scene perception, including vision, hearing, smell and touch. 1. PCP – Illegal. “Angle dust” “peter pan” “lethal weapon” Widely Regarded as the most dangerous drug. Liquid, powder, or pill form. 2. LSD – Illegal. “Acid” 3. Mescaline – Illegal. Produces imaginary visions, found in Peyote Cactus or in pill form. “Buttons” Increase heart rate and respiration rate, flashbacks, mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, coma, and death.
1. Marijuana – illegal. THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the psychoactive ingredient. “weed” “dope” “ganga” “Mary Jane” “pot” Short term memory loss, impaired functioning, paranoia, hallucinations, low T levels, weakened immune system. A plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effects. Most widely used illegal drug (gateway drug).
Synthetic drug that are similar in chemistry to certain illegal drugs. “Designer Drugs” 1. GHB – illegal “Date Rape” “Liquid Ecstacy” 2. Rohypnol – illegal “Rophies” 3. Ketamine – illegal “Special K” “Vitamin K” 4. Ecstasy – illegal “Rave or party drug” MDMA = 3, 4 -Methylenedioxymethamphetamine “Molly” “Candy” Mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, accidental injury, coma, and death.
Huffing (inhaling) household products for the effects (high). 1. Household products – such as glue, gasoline, nail polish remover, lighter fluid, aerosols, bleach, spray paint, etc. Can cause hallucinations, depression, loss of coordination, hypoxia leading to damaged organs, central nervous system, brain cells
Drugs used for increase of physical appearance or performance. 1. Anabolic-Androgenic Steriods – Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones. Anabolic (muscle building). Androgenic (increased male characteristics). Legal with a prescription. Used to treat anemia and low testosterone in males. Illegal when used as a performance enhancer. Cardiovascular problems, baldness, mood swings, liver/kidney problems. Males- testicular atrophy, development of breast, baldness, low sperm count. Females- facial hair, deepened voice, menstrual cycle changes
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