What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict

What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict that is still going on today? Both Arabs and Jewish people believe they have a right to the land of Palestine.

ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 1890 s - 1949

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID BRITAIN’S ACTIONS IN PALESTINE AFTER 1918 LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE ON-GOING CONFLICT BETWEEN THE JEWS AND THE ARABS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY?

ZIONISM THE MOVEMENT FOR THE RETURN OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE TO PALESTINE AND THE RESUMPTION OF A JEWISH STATE IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL. THE TERM “ZIONISM” WAS COINED IN 1890.

The Middle East in 1914

OIL DISCOVERED IN MIDDLE EAST! S BRITAIN SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH KUWAIT FOR EXCLUSIVE OIL RIGHTS PRIOR TO WW I. S AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES GAIN OIL RIGHTS IN BAHRAIN IN 1929. S IN 1933, AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES RECEIVE OIL RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA. S ARAMCO (ARAB-AMERICAN OIL CO. ) IS CREATED IN 1939.

HUSSEIN-MCMAHON LETTERS, 1915 The documents declared that the Arabs would form an alliance with the United Kingdom and in return the UK will recognize the Arab independence. “. . BRITAIN IS PREPARED TO RECOGNIZE THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE ARABS IN ALL REGIONS LYING WITHIN THE FRONTIERS PROPOSED BY THE SHARIF OF MECCA. . ” HUSSEIN IBN ALI, SHARIF OF MECCA

SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916 • A SECRET AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE • BASED UPON THE EXPECTED DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • IT DIVIDED THE ARAB PROVINCES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OUTSIDE THE ARABIAN PENINSULA) INTO AREAS OF FUTURE BRITISH AND FRENCH CONTROL OR INFLUENCE

SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916

BRITISH PROMISE TO THE JEWS: BALFOUR DECLARATION, 1917 HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT VIEWS WITH FAVOR THE ESTABLISHMENT IN PALESTINE OF A NATIONAL HOME FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE SIR ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR BR. FOREIGN SECRETARY

BRITISH MANDATE LEAGUE OF NATIONS GIVES BRITAIN A MANDATE IN PALESTINE IN 1922: A MANDATE IS TEMPORARY CONTROL GRANTED TO A NATION OVER AN AREA UNTIL IT IS CAPABLE OF SELF- GOV’T

JEWS & ARABS • FROM THE 1920 s 1940 s, MANY JEWS CAME TO PALESTINE SEEKING REFUGE FROM ANTISEMITISM & THE HOLOCAUST. • PALESTINIAN ARABS RESENTED THE JEWS AND RELATIONS BECAME INCREASINGLY HOSTILE.

JEWISH IMMIGRATION Jewish Immigration 1919 1, 806 1931 4, 075 1920 8, 223 1932 12, 533 1921 8, 294 1933 37, 337 1922 8, 685 1934 45, 267 1923 8, 175 1924 13, 892 1935 66, 472 1925 34, 386 1936 29, 595 1926 13, 855 1937 10, 629 1927 3, 034 1938 14, 675 1928 2, 178 1939 31, 195 1929 5, 249 1940 10, 643 1930 4, 944 1941 4, 592 WHY WOULD THE ARABS BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ABOVE STATISTICS?

ARAB CONCERNS Z GROWING JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE Z THE TRANSFER OF LANDS TO JEWISH OWNERS

JEWS & ARABS IN PALESTINE, 1920 × IN 1920, THERE WERE 10 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW IN PALESTINE. × BY 1947, THE RATIO WAS 2 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW. × THE ARABS FELT THAT THEY WERE LOSING CONTROL OF THEIR LAND

JEWISH SETTLEMENTS: THE KIBBUTZ SYSTEM Y COMMUNAL LIVING Y BASED ON AGRICULTURE Y “MAKE THE DESERT BLOOM!”

Welcome to Contemporary U. S. and World History Pg Assignment Date 48 Africa Map Assignment 11/7 49 Bonus Opportunity 11/7 50 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8 51 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8 52 Israel Power Point Worksheet 11/8 53 Unit 2 Review p 1 11/9 54 Unit 2 Review p 2 11/9 Date: 11/15/12 Activity: Finish Israel, Review Warm Up: NONE -Homework: *Unit TEST TOMORROW covering India, China, Africa and Israel

BRITISH WHITE PAPER OF 1939 § LIMITED JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE § ENDED JEWISH LAND PURCHASES § INDEPENDENCE FOR PALESTINE WITHIN 10 YEARS § “IT IS NOT BRITISH POLICY THAT PALESTINE BECOME A JEWISH STATE” HOW DOES THE WHITE PAPER CONFLICT WITH EARLIER BRITISH STATEMENTS?

ILLEGAL JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE CONTINUED

JEWISH “FREEDOM FIGHTERS” (OR “TERRORISTS”? )

ENTER THE U. N. • UNABLE TO STOP THE VIOLENCE, BRITAIN TURNED THE PROBLEM OVER TO THE U. N. • IN 1947 THE U. N. PARTITIONED PALESTINE INTO SEPARATE JEWISH & ARAB STATES.

VIDEO CLIP: PARTITION The Arab-Israeli Conflict, part 1 - Land Division (10 min 5 sec)

INDEPENDENCE • THE PALESTINIAN JEWS ACCEPTED THE U. N. DECISION & PROCLAIMED THE STATE OF ISRAEL ON MAY 14, 1948. • THE PALESTINIAN ARABS & NEIGHBORING ARAB COUNTRIES REJECTED THE PLAN.

WAR OF INDEPENDENCE BEGINS! MAY 15, 1948 SEEKING TO DESTROY THE NEW JEWISH STATE, THE ARAB NATIONS LAUNCHED A JOINT ATTACK AGAINST ISRAEL (THE 1 ST OF 4 SUCH WARS).

VIDEO CLIP: 1948 WAR 1948 war (8 min 22 sec)

PLIGHT OF THE PALESTINIANS • 75% OF THE ARAB POPULATION OF ISRAEL FLED TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. • THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN AFTER THE WAR BUT WERE UNABLE TO DO SO. • THE PALESTINIANS SETTLED INTO REFUGEE CAMPS WHERE THEY HAD LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD NORMAL LIVES.

ARAB REFUGEES, 1948

ARMISTICE SIGNED, 1949

SUEZ CRISIS • Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal from Britain and France. • Egypt also blocked Israel’s use of the Straits of Tiran (their only way to the Red Sea) • Israel, Britain and France made a plan together to attack Egypt

SUEZ CRISIS • Soviet Union came to the defense of Egypt and from this point forward they gave their support and aid to Egypt and the other Arab nations against Israel. • The US (President Eisenhower) did not support the actions of Israel, Britain and France. – They were more concerned with the Soviet war in Hungary and the Cold War. – They pressured for a cease fire.