Welcomes You all to the Software Defined Radio

Welcomes You all to the…. Software Defined Radio Prospects and Strategies for Development By Rajan T Joseph ED, C-DAC, Trivandrum 25 th April 2005 Elitex – 2005 New Delhi

Agenda Introduction l SDR Technology l Frame work of R&D l Discussions l

C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing • A merged entity of the 4 Societies under DIT indicated below • Spread out at 10 locations with 14 Labs and about 2000 work force • Expertise and Infrastructure to take up multidiscipline, complex projects and system C-DAC – Pune, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) ER&DCI – Thiruvananthapuram, Noida, Kolkata (Electronics Research & Development Centre, India) NCST – Mumbai, Bangalore, Navi Mumbai (National Centre for Software Technology) CEDTI - Mohali (Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, India)

C-DAC, Trivandrum Ø Established by Govt. of Kerala in 1974 as an autonomous Scientific Society to promote R&D in Electronics Ø Taken over by Govt. of India in 1988 and made an autonomous Scientific Society under Dept. of Electronics Ø Merged with ER&DC India, a national level Scientific Society in December 1994 Ø Merged with CDAC in 2002 Ø Staff Strength over 500

Areas of research Ø Control & Instrumentation Ø Power Electronics Ø Underwater Electronics Ø ASIC Design Ø Networking Ø E-Governance Ø Broadcast & Communications

Broadcast and Communications Executing projects in advanced area of Broadcast and Communications with expertise in l Protocol Stack l Analog and Mixed Signal Design l Communication algorithms l RF Trans-Receivers l Embedded systems l Real-time systems l Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

Major Projects l l l l TETRA Hand Held TETRA Base Station TETRA Protocol Stacks CDART 1 -Advanced Hand Portable IP Telephone Watermarking Digital Audio Lawful Interception of Vo. IP Traffic

IP Telephone

C-DAC SDR Related Projects/ Achievements • A DIT study project on SDR completed in 2004 -Opportunity to study the complex SDR technology in brief, understand the need for SDR and, generate a Vision in the forward path for SDR Projects -Study report available in DIT web site • Development of the TETRA Base Station based on semi-SDR architecture • Meetings with different R&D Organizations on SDR activities • SDR-FORUM membership

SDR FORUM SDR Forum is an open - non profit corporation dedicated to supporting the development, deployment and use of open architecture for advanced wireless system. l Initially known as MMITS l More than 60 member companies l C-DAC is a member of SDR Forum l

SDR Defined The term SDR is used to describe radios that provide software control of a variety of modulation techniques, wideband or narrowband operation, communication security functions and waveform requirements of current and evolving standards over a broad frequency range. Not a single technological breakthrough – rather a collection of implementation technologies that enable configurability.

Scope The Mobile communication is strangled by a multitude of standards with wide diversity in: § Bandwidth § Modulation methods § Error protections § Protocols § TDMA/FDMA schemes…… Every new standard boasts unification, but this never happens. The Civil, Government and Military scenarios have different needs. System architects and users are equally baffled by this process. Large revenue is wasted to maintain rusty junks of hardware. World over, the search for intelligent radios is on. Multiband, Multimode capability will pave way to future-proof radios. The Software Defined Radio is destined to take over.

Conventional Radio Analog RX SYNTH F F Duplexer I F Q TX SYNTH ADC DAC TO DSP

Information output Programmable DSP I Wideband DAC Q Wideband DAC I Quadrature upconverter Wideband ADC Q Quadrature downconverter Wideband ADC AGC RF Power amplifier RF low-noise amplifier Multiband antenna Antenna switching system Information input Direct Conversion Architecture

Programmable DSP Multiband antenna I Q Digital I-F upconverter Wideband DAC Digital I-F downconverter Wideband ADC I-F RF upconverter I-F AGC RF Power amplifier RF downconverter RF low-noise amplifier Antenna switching system Information output Information input IF Based Architecture

Benefits • • • A single Hardware for Multimode, multiband multifunctional Wireless Systems Software Upgrade for add on functionalities Customization of a single generic hardware for diverse needs Higher levels of software reusability Lower costs to meet new user demands Lower time to market new terminals

FEATURES OF SDR provides solutions for the legacy system as well as emerging wireless technologies spanning over 2 G, 3 G and beyond. Radios built using SDR concepts offer: § Standard architecture for a wide range of communications products ing wireless Non-restrictive § capabilities of current and emerging commercial air-interface standards § § military organizations Potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions software patches networks

SDR APPLICATION in WIRELESS SYSTEMS Capabilities and Services Network flexibility and spectrum utilization enhanced using SDR 1980 Software downloads for SDR product and service upgrades, enhancements SDR exploited to enable fewer, more flexible product platforms 2 G 4 G dio 3 G Ra ed fin De re a ftw So 1 G 1990 2000 2010 2020

ADVANTAGES OF SDR provides the following advantages to the stakeholders: §For subscribers – easier international roaming, improved and more flexible services increased personalization and choice. §For network operators – the potential to rapidly develop and introduce new, personalized and customized services, tools for increased customer retention, new added-value services and revenue streams, reduced costs of network evolution and enhancement, increased flexibility of spectrum management and usage. §For handset and base station manufacturers – the promise of new economies of scale, increased production flexibility and improved, and more rapid, product evolution. §For regulators – the prospect of increased spectrum efficiency, better use of a scarce resource.

SDR EVOLUTION In the final decade of twentieth century, SDR made an incredibly rapid transition, within perhaps just 5 years, from an obscure military and academic concept to a commercial credibility in the mobile communication market. l l l 1970 - MULTIMODE VHF RADIO MODULES 1990 - MULTIBAND, MULTIMODE - SPEAKeasy 2000 - RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO PLATFORMS 2005 - MULTI-MODE BASE STATIONS 2010 - SDR BASED USER TERMINALS

Network Base Station European Vision of Re-congurable Radio Systems & Networks Terminal Broadband Multimedia Voice, Low- Data Rate Initial Concept Of Software Radio Military Commercial

Enabling Technologies l ADC – the single most demanding performance l DAC similar to ADC requirements l DDC / DUC – (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded DSP functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability l FPGAs/ASICs : Embedded DSP functionalities l DSP : meet computational overheads of base band processing l Host Processor : Application Programs, Protocol stacks, system controls l Operating System l Broadband RF Front End Direct Conversion / IF digitization, high dynamic range Receiver, Linearized Upconverters and Transmitters

SDR – the status quo • SDR technology has some drawbacks like higher power • The extent of SDR progress will be decided largely by RF • Higher communication rates are accelerating higher processing requirements on DSP. • SDR “solutions” are currently available for cellular and PCS base stations as well as fixed station military applications. • Technology not yet ripe for hand-sets. • SDR has already been adopted by many infrastructure manufacturers as their core platform consumption, higher processing power (MIPS) requirement, increased complexity of software and higher initial costs technology

SDR Standards l Software Communications Architecture specifications (SCAS) from United States Joint Tactical Radio System l Distributed Object Computing Software Radio Architecture (DOCSRA) from SDR Forum’s Mobile Working Group

Areas of Skill required Radio systems Antennas RF Design Modulation Demodulation Error control coding A to D conversion(HF) D to A conversion(HF) DSP Algorithms FPGA /ASIC Design OS development Network Control and Management S/W Communication protocols Multiple Access Techniques Application software Secure Software Download

Major Activities & Challenges l l l l Parallel development of H/W and S/W Extensive simulations of RF and DSP The Antenna/RF subsystem (AIU) The digital IF modem: ASIC, FPGA, DSP Application program development OS development Protocol stacks – various standards Secure Software Download mechanisms

Reconfigurable Wireless Sub. Systems l Antenna l Radio Transceiver l Base band Processing l Applications and services, e. g. , to ensure a committed Qo. S

Reconfigurable Systems Key Objectives and General Requirements l Adaptation of the radio interface to varying deployment environment and air interface standards l Provision of new applications and services l Software updates l Enabling full exploitation of flexible heterogeneous radio network services.

Requirements – three distinct groups l Radio Configuration Control l Creation and provision of services to reconfigurable terminals (over converging networks and various Air Interface) l User profile, terminal, access network and location management

SDR DEVELOPMENT TASKS DIVISION APPLICATIONS-20% SOFTWARE-55% HARDWARE-25%

Broadcast and Communications Executing projects in advanced area of Broadcast and Communications with expertise in l Protocol Stack l Analog and Mixed Signal Design l Communication algorithms l RF Trans-Receivers l Embedded systems l Real-time systems l Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

Research Areas l l l l l Generic Reconfigurable Architecture with distributed Intelligence Network Reconfiguration Management Adaptive Protocols Adaptive Base band Object Oriented Hardware Reconfiguration Radio Resource Management, RRM & JRRM Mode Identification & Monitoring Methods Reconfigurable RF subsystems User Requirements - Statistical Study

Need for SDR technology development • High IPR content • Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons • The technology of tomorrow’s Wireless • Military and Commercial interest • Success of 3 G and beyond depends heavily on SDR

Participating Organisation § § § § § DEAL LRDE CDo. T CRL IISc CEWIT SAMEER IIT C-DAC HARDWARE ENCRYPTION SOFTWARE/HARDWARE ANTENNA SPEECH CODES PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM EMI/EMC/ANTENNA - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM - HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

CDAC in Retrospect They stand us in good stead • Embedded Hardware • Digital Signal Processing • Operating Systems • Protocol Stacks • TETRA Digital Mobile Radio • TETRA Base Station

SDR-Technology Development Path Special Customer Needs SDR User inputs Lab n SDR-TDP Lab 3 SDR-TDP Lab 2 SDR-TDP SDR Technology Development Platforms Lab 1 Outputs to Industry SDR Products /Application Reference Platforms SDR-TDP 2005 2007 2010

National Mission Project on SDR Technology Development 5 Years – 120 Crores Project Co-Ordination Group - DIT Mo. D DEAL DRDO MCIT Service Providers C-DAC C-Do. T GSM BEL MHRD CDMA Sameer CEWT Technology Products IPRs Papers Knowledge Base Awareness User/Application/Industry Presentation/Training IITs IISc SDR Forum, Army, COAI SDR Mission Project- Steering Group

The VISION Foster future-proof wireless technology and bring it to the forefront of competing standards, with scalability to cater to the diverse communication needs of the nation. The MISSION Through a convergence of research talents among various organizations, develop indigenous SDR technology with hardware, firmware and software solutions necessary to materialize the vision, generate intellectual property rights and pave the way for a renewed wireless industry activity capable of global presence, through transfer of manufacturing technology of scalable SDR products by 2010.

SDR …. Important REFERENCES 1. Software Defined Radio: Origins, Drivers and International Perspectives By Tuttlebee 2. Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies By Tuttlebee 3. Software Defined Radio- Selected Readings By Mitola and Zvonar 4. SDR study Report By C-DAC (www. mit. gov. in) 5. SDR Forum web site www. sdrforum. org

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