Welcome to Contemporary U S and World History

Welcome to Contemporary U. S. and World History Assignment 23 Iran Hostage Crisis Readings 24 Iran Hostage Crisis Questions 25 Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War 26 Unraveling of Soviet Economy 3/17 27 Making Connections 3/18 -Read Soviet Reforms tonight! Reagan & End of CW PPT 28 Notes 29 Soviet Reforms Date: 3/18/15 Pg 3/12 Activity: Making Connections/Reagan and End of Cold War 3/12 Warm Up: Complete “Making Connections” in pencil (If you weren’t here yesterday you will not 3/13 be able to complete this) Homework: EXTRA CREDIT: 3/18 -watch Argo and write a reaction paper ---Due by Friday 3/20 3/18 *Foreign Policy Test will be Thursday 3/26

Making Connections… l Yesterday’s activity was designed to have you understand the failures of the Soviet economy that led to reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980 s. l In pencil, complete the comparison chart on the “Making Connections” handout.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CLASS EXPERIENCE l Soviet workers were told by the government to produce a quota of goods as part of a 5 -year plan. l Students were told by the teacher to produce a certain amount of goods in a given time period. l Soviet government made reaching quotas difficult because production materials were not available for work crews in time, usually reaching workers in the middle of the month forcing crews to work long hours to try and meet month-end quotas l I made it difficult to reach the quotas because “production” materials were not available for groups in time and therefore work brigades had to work extra hard to meet quotas in the last few minutes of the timeperiod.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CLASS EXPERIENCE l Soviet workers were all l Students were paid equally by the soviet equally by the teacher government whether or not whether they met a quota from a quota or not. five-year plan. l Some Soviet workers did not work hard with little incentive knowing they would still be paid. l As a result, some students lost incentive to work, knowing they would still be paid.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CLASS EXPERIENCE l To buy consumer goods, Soviet citizens routinely had to stand in extremely long lines, and often the stores closed or ran out of goods before citizens could purchase what they wanted. l Students had to wait in long lines to buy candy. Some did not get to purchase candy because the stores closed or ran out of candy. l Soviet consumers were often forced to buy consumer products that weren’t the most desirable. l Students didn’t have “the best” candy options or the opportunity to choose what kind they got.

THE END OF THE COLD WAR

RONALD REAGAN l STRONG STANCE VS. USSR: l HARSH RHETORIC: l USSR THE “EVIL EMPIRE” BUILDS UP U. S. MILITARY TO USE AS LEVERAGE IN NEGOTIATIONS l DO NOW! l l EXPLAIN HOW HAVING A STRONGER MILITARY WOULD HELP THE U. S. NEGOTIATE WITH THE USSR.

STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE (SDI) U. S. BEGINS RESEARCH ON ANTIMISSILE SATELLITE DEFENSE SYSTEM l NICKNAMED “STAR WARS” l USSR CONCERNED: l l l BELIEVE U. S. CAN MAKE SYSTEM WORK MANY AMERICANS SKEPTICAL: TECHNOLOGY DID NOT EXIST l TOO EXPENSIVE l

REAGAN SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST REBELS (CONTRAS) IN NICARAGUA

REAGAN INVADES CARIBBEAN ISLAND OF GRENADA l GRENADA DEVELOPING CLOSE TIES WITH COMMUNIST CUBA

GORBACHEV TAKES OVER l 1985 – MIKHAIL GORBACHEV NEW LEADER OF USSR: l l INHERITS MANY PROBLEMS TRIES NEW LIBERAL REFORMS: GLASNOST - ALLOWED OPEN CRITICISM OF THE USSR AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS l PERESTROIKA – ECONOMIC REFORMS - SOME PRIVATE ENTERPRISE l FIRST STEPS TOWARDS LIMITED DEMOCRACY l

l THE SOVIET ECONOMY BEGINS TO COLLAPSE: INEFFICIENCIES l ATTEMPTS TO MATCH U. S. MILITARY SPENDING l Comparison between USSR and US economies (1989) according to 1990 CIA World Factbook[19] USSR US GDP (1989 - millions $) 2, 659, 500 5, 233, 300 Population (July 1990) 290, 938, 469 250, 410, 000 GDP Per Capita ($) 9, 211 21, 082 Labour force (1989) 152, 300, 000 125, 557, 000

NEW SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY SOUGHT BETTER RELATIONS WITH U. S. l SIGNED TREATY TO REDUCE NUCLEAR WEAPONS PRODUCED BY BOTH U. S. & USSR l ALLOWED COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS TO BECOME DEMOCRATIC & INDEPENDENT l

REAGAN AND GORBY DISCUSSING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS TREATY

PLEASE DO NOW! l WHY DO YOU THINK MIKHAIL GORBACHEV DECIDED TO SEEK BETTER RELATIONS WITH THE U. S. AND TO ALLOW THE FALL OF COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE?

POLAND LEADS THE WAY 1989: POLISH TRADE UNION SOLIDARITY DEFEATED THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN ELECTIONS l LECH WAŁĘSA, THE LEADER OF SOLIDARITY, BECAME PRESIDENT OF POLAND

COLLAPSE OF EASTERN EUROPE l EAST GERMANY: l NOV. 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENED BERLIN WALL l BERLINERS BEGAN TEARING DOWN THE WALL

BRINGING THE WALL DOWN

GERMANY WAS REUNIFIED IN 1990

OTHER REVOLUTIONS l CZECHOSLOVAKIA VELVET REVOLUTION (NON-VIOLENT) l LATVIA, LITHUANIA AND ESTONIA DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE USSR l HUNGARY, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA BECAME DEMOCRACIES

DECLINE OF THE SOVIET UNION l l l GORBY’S REFORMS LED TO NATIONALISM IN NONRUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS COMMUNIST HARDLINERS FAILED IN AN ATTEMPT TO OVERTHROW GORBACHEV IN DEC. 1991, 14 NONRUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARED INDEPENDENCE GORBY RESIGNED & THE USSR (ALONG WITH THE COLD WAR) CAME TO AN END BORIS YELTSIN IS ELECTED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DO NOW! l. WOULD YOU GIVE PRESIDENT REAGAN ANY CREDIT FOR BRINGING THE COLD WAR TO AN END? EXPLAIN.

CHINA AFTER THE COLD WAR l COMMUNISM GOES ON: IN 1980 s CHINESE GOV’T EASED ITS GRIP ON BUSINESSES AND TRADE l DEMANDS FOR DEMOCRACY: l MASSIVE STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN BEIJING’S TIANANMEN SQUARE l CHINESE MILITARY CRUSHED THE REVOLTS l THE WORLD WATCHED IN HORROR AS ARMED FORCES SLAUGHTERED UNARMED STUDENTS l

AN UNKNOWN PROTESTOR BLOCKS THE TANKS SENT TO BREAK UP THE STUDENT PROTESTS

Independence Movements l Now you will read about the individual independence movements in the USSR. l You will take notes on the notes page provided. l Get the major points, you don’t need every detail! l When looking for date of independence, some will be vague, try to look for date of free elections.