Wednesday 1 28 wk 3 1 What was the

Wednesday 1/28 wk 3 1. What was the disagreement between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV? 2. Why would a person not want to be excommunicated?

Jerusalem A Mosaic of Faith

Europe. Constantinople Africa . Jerusalem

Judaism

Jerusalem • Ancient capital of Jewish kingdom • Spiritual homeland of Jewish people • Location of First and Second temples – Temple Mount – Western Wall

Temple Mount

Western Wall

Christianity

Jerusalem • Location of the death, burial, and ascension of Jesus • Contains many significant and ancient Christian sites – Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Garden of Gethsemane – Mount of Olives

Church of the Holy Sepulchre

Mount of Olives

Garden Tomb One of many suggested burial sites of Jesus

Islam

Jerusalem • Third holiest city – After Mecca and Medina • Dome of the Rock – Place where Muhammad was taken up to heaven • al-Aqsa Mosque

Dome of the Rock

Al Aqsa Mosque

Temple Mount

A Brief History • 1003 BCE King David establishes Jerusalem as Capital of the United Kingdom of Israel • 950 BCE King Solomon begins construction of the First Temple • 597 BCE Babylonians capture Jerusalem • 586 BCE Destruction of the Jerusalem and the temple-all Jews forced to leave • 537 BCE Jews allowed to return to Jerusalem

A Brief History • 520 BCE Work begins on Second Temple • 332 BCE Alexander the Great captures Jerusalem • 320 BCE Ptolemy I captures Jerusalem and it is ruled by the Egyptians • 198 BCE Beginning of Syrian rule • 169 BCE Judaism is outlawed and the Temple is desecrated

A Brief History • 63 BCE Romans capture Jerusalem • 31 AD Crucifixion of Jesus • 66 AD Beginning of Jewish revolt against the Romans • 70 AD Fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Temple • 132 AD Jews again attempt to regain Jerusalem • 135 AD Romans forbid Jews to enter Jerusalem

A Brief History • 438 AD Byzantines allow Jews back in Jerusalem • 614 AD Persians capture Jerusalem, destroy most churches and kick out the Jews • • 629 AD Recaptured by the Byzantines 632 AD Jerusalem taken over by Muslims 691 AD Dome of the Rock completed 701 AD al-Aqsa Mosque completed

A Brief History • 1010 AD Caliph al-Hakim orders destruction of synagogues and churches • 1099 AD Crusaders capture Jerusalem and kick out all Muslims and Jews • 1187 AD recaptured by Muslims, Jews and Muslims allowed back in • 1192 AD Crusaders attempt to recapture city but fail -treaty is made to allow Christians to visit their holy sites • 1260 AD Muslims from Egypt capture Jerusalem