Webcasting Worldwide: A Study of Convergence, Innovation & Business Models Among Leading Webcasters in Multiple Countries Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and Change Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA October 13 -15, 2005 MODERATORS: DR. RICHARD GANAHL, BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY, DR. LOUISA HA, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY Model of Convergence, GANAHL
Panel Presentations § Webcasting: A Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Convergence, Innovations & Business Models, R Ganahl, BU § Webcasting in Germany, Miriam Smith, SFSU § Are Leading Webcasters in the US Trendsetters for the World? Louisa Ha, BGSU § Leading Webcasters in Greater China: One Language, Many Differences, Alice Lee, Min Hang, Yu-li Liu, Dahong Min, Clement So, Binyan Yang Model of Convergence, GANAHL 2
Webcasting: A Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Convergence, Innovations & Business Models Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and Change Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA October 13 -15, 2005 PRESENTER: DR. RICHARD GANAHL, BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY Model of Convergence, GANAHL
Global Research Team Louisa Ha, Bowling Green State University, Richard Ganahl, Bloomsburg University, Alex Arampatzis, Edge Hill University College, Ilhem Allagui, University of Montreal, Piet Bakker, University of Amsterdam, Tiziano Bonini, IULM University, Marylaine Chausse, University of Montreal, Baoguo Cui, Tsinghua University, Petar Djekic, University of Cologne, Mike Friedrichsen, University of Flensburg, Mónica Herrero, University of Navarre, Kenichi Ishii, University of Tsukuba, Astrid Kurad, Univesity of Flensburg, Claudia Loebbecke, University of Cologne, Claude Martin, University of Montreal, Catherine Monsen, Norwegian School of Mangement, Kyle Nicholas, Old Dominion University, Morihiro Ogasahara, University of Tokyo, Sora K. Park, Kwangwoon University, Asle Rolland, Norwegian School of Mangement, Charo Sádaba, University of Navarre, and Niranjala D. Weerakkody, Deakin University. Model of Convergence, GANAHL 4
Convergence = Webcasting! “…the digital delivery of textual, video content through the Internet…” Model of Convergence, GANAHL 5
Countries In Final Study NORTH AMERICA ASIA EUROPE CANADA AUSTRALIA DENMARK UNITED STATES CHINA GERMANY HONG KONG GREECE MIDDLE EAST JAPAN ITALY 17 ARAB CNTRYS SOUTH KOREA NETHERLANDS TAIWAN NORWAY SPAIN Model of Convergence, GANAHL UNITED KINGDOM 6
Original Project Objectives • • • STUDY BUSINESS MODELS OF 13 COUNTRIES’ WEBCASTING LEADERS ESTABLISH GLOBALNESS OF WEBCAST AS EMERGING MEDIA DETERMINE LEVEL OF DOMESTIC CONTENT CONTRIBUTION Eventual Project Outcomes • STUDY OF 16 GLOBAL WEBCASTING LEADERS PLUS MIDDLE EAST ARAB AREAS • ESTABLISH GLOBAL BUSINESS MODELS & DOMESTIC CONTENT CONTRIBUTIONS • ESTABLISH FACTORS AFFECTING CONVERGENCE, INNOVATIONS & BUSINESS MODELS Model of Convergence, GANAHL 7
Research Method & Sampling • • • LEADING WEBCASTERS IN MAJOR BROADBAND MARKETS INFORMANT INTERVIEWS TO IDENTIFY MAJOR WEBCASTERS LARGER MARKETS N = 20; SMALLER MARKETS N = 10; N = 220 Internet Measurement • MUCH INFORMATION REGARDING SITE RANKING & TRAFFIC IS PROPRIETARY • OFTEN WIDELY DIFFERING DATA CONCLUSIONS AND RANKINGS • DEFINITIONS, LANGUAGE, SELF-REPORTS AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Model of Convergence, GANAHL 8
WHAT DID WE FIND? Model of Convergence, GANAHL 9
Major Geog’ Shifts in I-Growth INTERNET USE 1999 INTERNET USE 2005 • • NO AM EUROPE ASIA WORLD 124 m 47 m 42 m 243 m 51% 19% 16% TOP 10 EU DOMAINS YAHOO! MSN AOL LYCOS EXCITE NETSCAPE MICROSOFT 3 DOMESTIC ASIA NO AM EUROPE WORLD 199 m 33% 176 m 29% 104 m 16% 604 m W-CAST OWNERSHIP • DOMESTIC CONTENT SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE, UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT BY R GANAHL SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005 HA and GANAHL, et al Model of Convergence, GANAHL 10
Changes in I-Use Rankings WEB LEADERS IN 1999 WEB LEADERS IN 2005 • • • • • 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 USA JAPAN UK CANADA GERMANY AUSTRAL BRAZIL CHINA FRANCE SO KOREA 110. 8 m 18. 2 13. 9 13. 3 12. 3 6. 8 6. 3 5. 7 SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE, UNPUBLISHED 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 USA CHINA JAPAN GERMANY SO KOREA UK FRANCE ITALY INDIA CANADA 159 m 94 57. 2 39 29. 2 25 21. 9 18. 5 16. 1 SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005 MANUSCRIPT BY RJ GANAHL Model of Convergence, GANAHL 11
Profile of Leading Webcasters Model of Convergence, GANAHL 12
W-cast Ownership by Country Model of Convergence, GANAHL 13
Webcast Content by Origin Model of Convergence, GANAHL 14
Business Model by Country Model of Convergence, GANAHL 15
Business Model by Site Type Content Aggregator N=111 Branded Content N=109 Clicks-and. Bricks 29. 7% 72. 4% Pure-Plays 50. 5% 23. 8% ISPs 19. 8% 3. 8% Model of Convergence, GANAHL 16
First Now B-band Laggards • • • • FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH FIFTH SIXTH SVNTH EIGTH NINTH TENTH TWELTH FIFTNTH SVNTH SOUTH KOREA HONG KONG NETHERLANDS DENMARK CANADA SWITZERLAND TAIWAN BELGIUM ICELAND SWEDEN JAPAN UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM 24. 9 per 100 inhab 20. 9 19. 4 19. 3 17. 6 17. 0 16. 3 16. 0 15. 5 15. 1 14. 1 11. 4 10. 3 SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, 2005 Model of Convergence, GANAHL 17
B-band Delivery by Tech’y RANK • • • • C’TRY DSL CATV TOTAL SUBS’RB 1 st SO KOREA 3 rd DENMARK 5 th CANADA 8 th JAPAN 10 th NORWAY 12 th USA 14 th UK 17 th SPAIN 18 th GERMANY 20 th ITALY 21 st AUSTRALIA 30 th GREECE TOTAL OECD 14. 1 11. 8 8. 6 10. 4 12. 3 4. 7 7. 1 6. 4 8. 1 7. 6 5. 7 0. 4 6. 2 8. 5 5. 5 9. 1 2. 3 2. 0 7. 4 3. 4 2. 0 0. 2 0 2. 0 0 3. 4 24. 9 18. 8 17. 8 15. 0 14. 9 13. 0 10. 5 8. 4 8. 1 7. 7 0. 4 10. 3 11. 921 mill 1. 013 5. 631 19. 097. 680 37. 900 6. 256 3. 441 6. 905 4. 701 1. 548. 048 118. 599 SOURCE: ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION & DEVELOOPMENT (OECD), 2005 Model of Convergence, GANAHL 18
A Global Model of Convergence • • • GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT’S ROLE POLITICAL STRUCTURE MEDIA INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Model of Convergence, GANAHL 19
Geography: Foster or Hinder • • • SMALL LAND & DENSE POPULATION: FOSTER GROWTH: SO KOREA & HK LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: HINDER CHANGE: UNITED STATES LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: COHESION: CANADA Government: Promote or Stall • PROMOTE GROWTH & COMPETITION: FOSTER GROWTH: ASIA & SCANDAVIA • PROTECT STATUS QUO: SLOW GROWTH & STIFLE ENTRY: UNITED STATES • COMPETE WITH PRIVATE SECTOR: LEVY FEES & AD SALES: UK & EUROPE Model of Convergence, GANAHL 20
Political: Censorship or Open • • • WEB = TOOL OF SOCIALIZATION: CONTROL CONTENT: THEOCRACY & TRANS-NATIONALISM: RELIGIOUS CONTENT: MINIMAL INTEFERENCE: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: CHINA ARAB AREAS NA, E & ASIA Media Industry: Friend or Foe • STRONG TRADITIONAL MEDIA: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION NA, E & ASIA • UNIQUE MEDIA HISTORY: PIRATE RADIO, MY-OWN MEDIA, P 2 P: ITALY • STRONG GOV/TMEDIA CONTROL: STIFLE WEB EXPERIMENTATION: MANY C&B’S Model of Convergence, GANAHL 21
Technology Infrastructure • • • NEW INFRASTRUCTURE & DELIVERY: WIRELESS, 3 G, 3 rd SREEN: FIRST GENERATION INFRASTRUCTURE: DSL & CATV RELIANCE: FUTURISTIC ORIENTATION: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: JAPAN USA ASIA Cultural Environment • GREECE: LARGE EX-PAT POPULATION: INTERNET TOOL OF CONNECTION • MIDDLE EAST: TRANSNATIONAL THEOCRACY: INTERNET TOOL OF SOCIALIZATION • EUROPEAN TRADITIONAL ROLE OF GOVERNMENT: INTERNET IS CULTURAL TOOL Model of Convergence, GANAHL 22
Some General Observations • INTERNET=GLOBAL SITES=LOCAL • DIGITAL DIVIDE: WITHIN & AMONG • MICROSOFT = GLOBAL ELEPHANT • RELATIVELY FEW GLOBAL BRANDS • CONTENT: ADULT, MUSIC, GAMING • MASS MEDIUM TO MY-OWN MEDIUM Model of Convergence, GANAHL 23
LET’S DO IT AGAIN!!! Model of Convergence, GANAHL 24
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