Web-based Support Systems Jing. Tao Yao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina CANADA S 4 S 0 A 2 jtyao@cs. uregina. ca http: //www 2. cs. uregina. ca/~jtyao J T Yao: Web based Support Systems
Web based Support Systems (WSS) • An emerging multidisciplinary research area that studies the support of human activities with the Web as the common platform, medium and interface. • One of the goals of building WSS is to extend the human physical limitation of information processing in the information age. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 2
WSS & WI • Moving support systems online is an increasing trend in Web Intelligence research. • WSS are a multidisciplinary research: the supported field, computer science, information technology, and Web technology. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 3
Advances in Science and Technology • • • More data/information More tools More difficult problems More complex tasks More demands for quality and productivity ……. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 4
Advances in Computer and Web Technology • More opportunities – Availability, accessibility, flexibility • More challenges – Find the right information/tools, – Learn/use the existing tools • Faster changes – Keep up with the pace of the changes. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 5
Why WSS? • • • To take the opportunities of the Web. To meet the challenges of the Web. To extend the human physical limitations of information processing. To overcome many limitations that computerized support systems suffered from. To keep up with the advance of technology advances. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 6
Computerized Support systems • It is impossible to develop a fully automated computer system. • More practical substitute systems – Decision support systems (DSS) – Computer aided software engineering (CASE) – Computer aided design (CAD) – Computer aided education (CAE) J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 7
Strengths of the Web • Distributed infrastructure for information processing and communication. • Delivers timely information and tools. • Standardized user interface framework (HTML, CSS, XML). • No geographical restrictions. • Secure transmission of sensitive data. • Potential to reach a much larger user base. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 8
Why the Web? • The Web is used as – The basic infrastructure – The common user interface – The universal platform – The medium for delivering and providing support of various human activities. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 9
Transition to the Web • A represents a particular domain. • A + computerized support system – A support systems. – A = medical domain • Medical Support Systems. • Web technology + A + computerized support system – Web based A support systems. – A = scientific research • Web based Research Support Systems. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 10
Two Dimensional View of WSS • WSS may be viewed as extensions of existing studies in two dimensions – Application dimension From decision support to other types of support systems (e. g. , data mining support, retrieval support, reading support, etc. ). – Technology dimension From old technology based to new technology based systems. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 11
Two Dimensional View of WSS Technology Domain Computer Web … Decision Making DSS WDSS … Information Retrieval IRSS WIRSS … Science Research RSS WRSS … Learning LSS WLSS … Knowledge management KMSS WKMSS … Data mining DMSS WDMSS … Medical MSS WMSS … … … J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 12
Goals of WSS Research • Combining the isolated research efforts on various support systems. • Integrating the diverse general or specific computerized systems. • Extract the commonality to form a new and separate sub field of study. • Applying existing approaches and developing new theories and approaches for WSS. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 13
WSS Workshops • 2003, Jing. Tao Yao and Pawan Lingras co organized the 1 st International Workshop on Web based Support System – http: //www 2. cs. uregina. ca/~wss/wss 03/ • 2004, Jing. Tao Yao, Vijay Raghavan, and Guoyin Wang co organized the 2 nd International Workshop on Web based Support System – http: //www 2. cs. uregina. ca/~wss/wss 04/ • 2006, Jing. Tao Yao, Kanliang co organized the 3 rd International Workshop on Web based Support System – http: //www 2. cs. uregina. ca/~wss/wss 06/ J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 14
WSS Proceedings J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 15
A General Architecture of WSS Larger user base Web technology Standardized UI Information technology Domain dependent / independent information J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 16
WSS Research • Generalize WSS concepts, characteristics of various support system. • Study of domain independent theories, models, and techniques of WSS as a separate field on its own. • Study of concrete models of WSS specific domains, such as decision support, research support, retrieval support. • Design and implementation of variable WSS. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 17
WSS Directions • Support systems (semi automatic, interactive) may be more valuable than fully automatic systems, particularly in domains with unstructured problems. • Users/experts play an active role in using support systems. • Support systems are a new type of tools that help human to perform various task. • Support systems will extend the capacity of human, instead of replace them. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 18
Research on WSS • Operations & logic – Understand the needs of WSS – Domain specific – Domain independent • Support facilities – What can CS/IT/Web offer – Domain specific – Domain independent J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 19
Basic issues of WSS • Supporting domain independent activities – – – Reading Writing Presentation Communication …… • Support domain dependent activities – – Decision analysis Strategic decision making Risk analysis …… J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 20
Need Intelligent Support: A Negative Example • James Kim’s Tragedy (http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/James_Kim) – San Francisco Chronicle: MAPS: Internet travel directions need to be checked carefully (http: //sfgate. com/cgi bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2006/12/07/MAPS. TMP) – The Age, Australia: Faulty online mapping linked to wrong turn disaster (http: //www. theage. com. au/articles/2006/12/08/1165081119464. html) – How reliable are these FREE online maps? • Google Maps, Google Maps • Yahoo Maps, Yahoo Maps • Map. Quest, Map. Quest J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 21
Web based Research Support Systems • A specific type of WSS • The general ideas of WSS apply to WRSS • It is an example to demonstrate the usefulness of the study of WSS. • Three Types of WRSS – Support individual researchers – Support research management – Support research collaborations J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 22
Scientific Research in the Web Age • As new technologies evolve and existing technologies expand, a scientist needs to adjust accordingly and make full use of them when carrying out research. • Scientists face many challenges in using Web based information resources, such as information overload, misinformation, fees, poorly designed navigation, retrieval, and browsing tools. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 23
Interdisciplinary Nature Research Support Systems • Research methodologies: – Purpose of research (science), research methods, research activities, etc. • Computer science – Computer systems that support various research activities. • Web – As an infrastructure and a medium of support delivery, as an common user interface. • WRSS integrates and extends existing computer technologies and systems to serve scientists. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 24
WRSS • How to support scientists to meet such challenges is an important issue. • Many computer systems have been implemented to support various research activities. – Meta search engines – MS Word (spelling, grammar checking) – Citation indexes: Web of Science, Google Scholar, DBLP, Cite. Seer, Scopus J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 25
A Model of the Research Process • • Idea generating phase. Problem definition phase. Procedure design/planning phase. Observation/experimentation phase. Data analysis phase. Results interpretation/explanation phase. Communication phase J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 26
Role of WRSS • Active role of WRSS: scientists play an active role in using a passive system vs. WRSS also plays a active role to assist scientists. – Search results alert – MS Word auto correction feature • Rationality and feasibility: research process is relatively discipline independent, which makes WRSS feasible. – Separation of general research process and discipline specific knowledge. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 27
Characteristics of WRSS • Conceptual organization of WRSS: Sequentially according to the sequence of research phases, hierarchically based on the complexity of research activities. • Personalized support. • Adaptation over time. • Web platform. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 28
Functionalities of WRSS • Profile management: to collect, organize, and store all relevant information of scientists. • Resource management: – Many types of resources exist for supporting research, such as human resources, tool resources, and information/knowledge resources. – The objective is to identify the suitable resource to support scientists' research needs. • Data/knowledge management: to record, store and retrieve the useful data, information and knowledge during the entire research process. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 29
Specific Supporting Functionalities • • • Exploring support Retrieval support Reading support Analyzing support Writing support J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 30
Web of Science • Reference Search J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 31
Cited Reference Searching Benefits • Allows you to move forward and backward in time, discovering relationships between published works as determined by the articles authors Find new, unknown information based on older, known information Track use of your research or a competitor’s research Backward through “Cited References” • Uses cited references as subject terms • Explore hidden connections between research papers. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 32
Cited Reference Searching Traditional search Cited reference search 2004 2003 paper 1987 paper 1982 paper 1957 paper 1996 paper 1993 paper 1982 paper J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 1957 paper 1996 paper 33
Cited Reference Search J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 34
Cited Reference Look up table Cited references that are in BLUE are links to source records. Citations to items not indexed in Web of Science (Books, Art, etc) and Cited Reference Variants are in black text. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 35
Times Cited J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 36
Cited Reference Search / Results As these records cite Anand’s work, they are closely related to the original subject, even though they may not use the same terminology. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 37
Web of Science • Citation Analysis J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 38
About Citation Reports • Use to quickly see citations over a period of time to a set of publications • Provide aggregate citation statistics for a set of search results – Graphs that show publication activity and citation activity by year – Average citations per item and average times cited per year – H index – Remove self citations J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 39
Citation Reports • Create reports for sets of 10, 000 or fewer • Available for: – – – Quick Search General Search within a Set Author Finder Refine/Analyze • Not available for: – Cited Reference Search – Citing Articles Summary – Related Records Search Results J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 40
Author search J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 41
Author search results J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 42
Citation Report J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 43
H index J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 44
H index • Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46), 16569 16572. – Meaningful when compared to others within the same discipline area. – Researchers in one field may have very different h indices than researchers in another (e. g. Life Sciences vs Physics). J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 45
Citation Counts J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 46
Output Citation Report data J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 47
ISI Web of Knowledge Citation Alert J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 48
Contributing Computer Science Fields • • Database Information retrieval Data mining system, statistics software Visualization Graphics user interfaces Text editors and processors Intelligent agents Many more …… J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 49
Other Examples • More practical projects • Three undergoing projects – Web based learning support: treasure hunting games – Web based research support: Weblog – Web based medical support: using decision theoretical rough set model for risk analysis J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 50
Using Weblog • • Research journal, diary, forum Keep track idea evolution Keep track contribution Easier information retrieval, hyperlinks • System management – – Sort/store by idea, time, author Access level: user, group, others. Citation management Search J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 51
Architecture of WLSS Contents Management System Internet USER Learning Order Indexing Database Domain Knowledge Base Conventional Indexing Database Information Retrieval Support System Teaching Support System Web-based Learning Game System Course Knowledge Base Academic Dictionary Database User Knowledge Base I N T E R F A C E Membership Management System J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 52
Example: A Treasure Map Start End Quiz Data Representation Event 1 Mountain Images ISO Audio Data communications Extende d ASCII Video Unicode Text Numbers ASCII Components Protocol Village Fake treasure Threat Real treasure Event Help J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 53
A Partial Architecture Users Web/Internet Interface/Presentation DBMS Knowledge Management Rough Sets Information Retrieval Control Facilities Knowledge Base Patient Database Rule Database Risk Database J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 54
Rough Set Component Object data a 1 a 2 d o 1 1 0 + o 2 0 0 o 3 0 1 o 4 1 1 Data Mining Component Rules + if Rough Set Analysis Knowledge Management Knowledge Base Database Management Information Tables {a 1 = 1} … then {d = ‘+’} Rule Domain Specific J T Yao: Web based Support Systems r 1 if {a 1 = 2} … then {d = ‘+’} r 2 if {a 1 = 1} … then {d = ‘+’} r 3 if {a 1 = 0} … then {d = ‘ ’} 55
Conclusion • Support systems will play more and more important roles in the near future. They provide a potential solution for information/tool overload and the complexity of modern problems. • It is necessary and beneficial to study Web based support systems as a separate sub field of research. • The successful story of decision support systems can be repeated in other domains. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 56
Conclusion • WSS is a newly identified research area • The research on WSS is a natural evolution of the existing research. – DSS => WSS – DSS => Computerized SS => WSS • We identify domain, scope, research of WSS • WRSS is a concrete example of WSS. • Expect that WSS will attract more research. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 57
WSS publications • • J. T. Yao, An Introduction to Web based Support Systems, Journal of Intelligent Systems, 17(1 3), 267 281, 2007. H. K. Bhargava, D. J. Power, D. Sun, Progress in Web based decision support technologies, Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1083 1095, 2007. M. Chen, Y. Liou, C. –W. Wang, Y. W. Fan, Y. P. J. Chie, Team. Spirit: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a Web based group decision support system, Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1186 1202, 2007. J. T. Yao, J. P. Herbert, Web based Support Systems based on Rough Set Analysis, Proceedings of International Conference on Rough Sets and Emerging Intelligent System Paradigms (RSEISP'07), June 28 30, 2007, Warsaw, Poland, LNAI 4585, pp 360 370. J. T. Yao, D. W. Kim, J. P. Herbert, Supporting Online Learning with Games, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 6570, Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2007, April 9 13, 2006, Orlando, Florida, USA, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2007), 65700 G (1 11). J. T. Yao, Supporting Research with Weblogs: A Study on Web Based Research Support Systems, The 3 rd International Workshop on Web Based Support Systems, Dec 18, 2006, Hong Kong, WI IAT 2006 Work shops Proceedings, pp 161 164. J. T. Yao, W. N. Liu, L. Fan, Y. Y. Yao and X. D. Yang, Supporting Sustainable Communities with Web based Information Systems, Journal of Environmental Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2006, pp 84 94. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 58
• • • WSS publications J. T. Yao, W. N. Liu, Web based Dynamic Delphi: a New Survey Instrument, Proceedings of SPIE No 6241, Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assur ance, And Data Networks Security 2006, April 17 18, 2006, Orlando, Florida, USA, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2006), pp. 169 179. J. T. Yao, On Web based Support Systems, Proceedings of the 2 nd Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Pune, India, December 20 22, 2005, pp 2589 2600. J. T. Yao, Design of Web based Support Systems, 8 th International Conference on Computer Science and Informatics (CSI), Salt Lake City, USA July 21 26, 2005, pp 349 352. Y. Y. Yao, J. T. Yao, C. J. Butz, P. Lingras and D. Jutla, “Web based Support Systems: a Report of the WIC Canada Research Centre”, Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Beijing, China, Sept 20 24, 2004, pp 787 788. J. T. Yao, V. V. Raghavan, G. Y. Wang, Proceedings of the Second Workshop Web based Support Systems (WSS'04), Beijing, China, Sept 20, 2004. W. N. Liu, J. T. Yao, L. Fan, Y. Y. Yao, X. D. Yang, “Web based Support Systems for Sustainable Communities”, Proceedings of the Second Workshop Web based Support Systems (WSS'04), Beijing, China, Sept 20, 2004, pp 102 110. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 59
WSS publications • • • Z. Tang, B. A. Engel, J. Choi, K. Sullivan, M. Sharif, K. J. Lim, A Web based DSS for erosion control structure planning, Applied Engineering In Agriculture, 20 (5), 707 714, 2004. P. Bharatia, A. Chaudhury, An empirical investigation of decision making satisfaction in web based decision support systems, Decision Support Systems, 37(2), 187 197, 2004. Y. L. Zhao, J. T. Yao, Y. Y. Yao, “Data Mining Support Systems”, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. #5433, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: Theory, Tools, and Technology VI, 12 13 April 2004, Orlando, USA, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2004), pp 218 227. J. T. Yao, Y. Y. Yao, “Web based Information Retrieval Support Systems: building research tools for scientists in the new information age ”, Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'03), Halifax, Canada, Oct 13 17, 2003, pp 570 573. H. Tang, Y. Wu, J. T. Yao, G. Y. Wang, Y. Y. Yao, “CUPTRSS: A Web based Research Support System”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications, Products and Services of Web based Support Systems (WSS 03), Halifax, Canada, Oct 13, 2003, pp 21 28. J. T. Yao, Y. Y. Yao, “Web based Support Systems”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications, Products and Services of Web based Support Systems (WSS'03), Halifax, Canada, Oct 13, 2003, pp 1 5. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 60
WSS publications • • • J. T. Yao, P. Lingras, Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications, Products and Services of Web based Support Systems (WSS'03), Halifax, Canada, Oct 13, 2003. Y. Y. Yao, A Framework for Web based Research Support Systems, Proceedings of the 27 th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2003), Dallas, USA, November 3 6, 2003, IEEE Computer Society Press, 601 606. Y. Y. Yao, Granular computing for the design of information retrieval support systems, Information Retrieval and Clustering, Wu, W. , Xiong, H. and Shekhar, S. (Eds. ), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, 299 329. D. J Power, S. Kaparthi, Building Web based decision support systems, Studies in Informatics and Control, 11, 291 302, 2002. Y. Y. Yao, Information retrieval support systems, FUZZ IEEE'02 in The 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, May 12 17, 2002, pp. 773 778. K. R. Molenaar, A. D. Songer, Web Based Decision Support Systems: Case Study in Project Delivery, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 15(4), 259 267, 2001. J T Yao: Web based Support Systems 61
Web-based Support Systems Jing. Tao Yao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina CANADA S 4 S 0 A 2 jtyao@cs. uregina. ca http: //www 2. cs. uregina. ca/~jtyao J T Yao: Web based Support Systems
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