WBS & GANTT chart Project Management (seminar)
Work Breakdown Structure • Similar to the assembly (Gozinto) charts. • A tool used to define and group a project's discrete work elements (tasks) in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project. • The project is divided into hierarchical groups of tasks (work packages, and work units). • Tasks, work packages and work units should be budgetable (money, labor hours, and other resources). • The technique of creating a WBS is non-uniform.
Example of a WBS
Possible levels in a WBS • • • Project (or sub-project) Deliverables Sub-deliverables Work packages Work units
Assembly chart (Gozinto chart) example
WBS example
Example of WBS: “Holiday” holiday travel documents passport booking tickets insurance choose resort household confirm brochures Original slide is from the internet cat!
What is the greatest difference between a Gozinto and a WBS chart?
WBS exercise Plot a Gozinto and a WBS chart for the next project: • Main task: prepare lunch with 2 dishes. • The 1 st course requires 2 main groups of ingredients (A & B) that should be bought separately (time to buy is 30 mins per ingredient-group). Cooking is 1 hr. • The 2 nd dish requires 3 group of ingredient (A, C & D), procurement time is the same). Cooking needs 1. 5 hrs. • Cleaning after cooking needs 20 mins for 1 person, 10 mins for 2 people.
GANTT charts • Named after Henry Gantt (1861 - 1919) an American mathematical engineer. • A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. • Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the work elements (tasks) of a project. • Elements of a GANTT chart: – – – – Task names Start and finish dates of each tasks (graphically) Dependency relationships Task duration Lag relationships (start-to-start, finish-to-start etc. ) Name of the project worker responsible for the task or other resource specifications
Benefits of the GANTT chart • Easy to read and comprehend • Easy to create • Identify the project network coupled with its schedule baseline • Allow for updating and project control • Useful for resource planning
Limitations • can become quite unwieldy for projects with too many activities • projects are often too complex for a Gantt chart • Gantt charts represent only a part of the project constraints • The technique of creating a GANTT depends on the features of the project.
GANTT chart example ID 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9 10. 11. Activities Whois respo nsible ? 1. 2. 3. Time intervals 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
GANTT chart example Some Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. time
GANTT chart example
GANTT chart example Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings, or colour lines and a vertical "TODAY" line. Activities time 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. today
GANTT exercise • Given the WBS from the previous exercise and the additional information that there are two identical project workers (X and Z) who can work simultaneously, plot a simple GANTT chart with the following content: – Task names – Time schedule (time units are 10 minutes long) – Task durations – Denominate the person in charge for every task • Simultaneous work is possible.
GANTT exercise 2 • How long is the full project? • Denote the precedence relationships in the chart!
GANTT exercise 3 • Show the schedule status on the GANTT chart for the same project after 80 minutes if: • All the A, B and C ingredients are bought, but the purchase of ingredient D is only 67% complete. • The 1 st course is already half-cooked, but the „operations” on the 2 nd dish could not started yet.
GANTT exercise 4 • Plot a new chart with the same data but with real times within a day. The following information are added: • The market, where the ingredients should be bought is open only from 8 a. m. to 10 a. m. and the earliest is the better. • The lunch preparations (including the cleaning) should be ready exactly at noun (12 a. m. ). • Do not plot the schedule status.
Readings • Lockyer – Gordon (2005) Chapter 4
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