Water Purification Presentation to Emerging Technologies Committee US

Water Purification Presentation to Emerging Technologies Committee US Chamber of Commerce October 2007 Ian Barbour General Manager Dow Water Solutions

“When the well is dry, we learn the worth of water. ” Benjamin Franklin DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission

Freshwater statistics • 75% of the world’s surface is water • Only 3% of all water on earth is fresh water Ø 2/3 icecaps/glaciers Ø 1/3 ground/surface water • 41% of the Earth’s population (2. 3 billion) live in waterstressed areas; 3. 5 billion by 2025 • 1. 2 billion people live without clean, piped water (WHO) • 2. 5 billion live without basic sanitation • 10 million die annually from waterborne disease DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission

“If we could produce fresh water from salt water at a low cost, that would indeed be a great service to humanity, and would dwarf any other scientific accomplishment. ” John F. Kennedy, 1962 35 th President of the United States DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission

Cost of producing potable water US$/m 3 US$/kgal US$/acre-ft $2. 43 $9. 20 $3, 000 $2. 03 $7. 67 $2, 500 $1. 62 $6. 14 $2, 000 $1. 21 $4. 60 $1, 500 $0. 81 $3. 07 $1, 000 $0. 40 $1. 53 $500 $0 1980 1990 2000 Used with permission of the Affordable Desalination Coalition DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 2001 Israel 2002 Singapore 5

Affordable desalination 330, 000 cubic meters per day – 82 Olympic sized swimming pools Ashkelon, Israel DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 6

Filtration spectrum Ionic Range Molecular Range Angstrom Units (Log Scale) 1 10 Macro Molecular Range 100 Micro Particle Range Macro Particle Range 104 1000 106 105 Latex / Emulsions Metal Ions Endotoxins/Pyrogens Bacteria Colloids Insecticides Soluble Salts Viruses Algae Dissolved Organics Human Hair Giardia Antibiotics Crypto Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis IX Nanofiltration Electrodeionization 0. 001 0. 0001 Micrometers (Log Scale) Particle Filtration Ultrafiltration 0. 01 0. 1 1. 0 DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 100 10 7

Membrane technologies Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes will remove most dissolved organic and inorganic salts and compounds, pathogens, virus etc. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes can be used to selectively remove organics such as color and pesticides whilst allowing some passage of desirable inorganic salts (Mery sur Oise) Ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF) membranes can be used to remove particles, cryptospiridium, higher molecular weight organics Any of the above can be used in series or in parallel DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 8

Large UF system DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 9

Rest of the system Reverse Osmosis Electro-deionization DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 10

Waste water recovery • Location: Singapore • Purpose: Supply low cost, high-grade industrial water from tertiary-treated waste water • Comparative Performance: 86% recovery of waste water in Singapore is now an industry benchmark DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 11

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Challenges and Solutions Increasing energy costs Environmental footprint Global warming – greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants Brine concentrate management Sustainable energy (wind, solar) Zero liquid discharge technologies Conservation and re-use DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 14

Membrane Technologies Are increasingly used in locations that have access to sources of saline, polluted or other non potable water Are used in industrialized regions to raise water quality to public demands Are used in large centralized plants, small community plants and in individual homes Will enable wide spread use of waste water recycling Are used in emergency relief where normal supplies are compromised RO can be co-located with power plants to provide “base load” where load factors vary Are used to re-charge depleted aquifers to provide storage and strategic reserves DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 15

Dow Water Solutions ADSORBSIA™ Arsenic Removal Media DOWEX™ Ion Exchange Resins FILMTEC™ Membranes OMEXELL™ Electrodeionization OMEXELL™ Ultrafiltration www. dowwatersolutions. com DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 16

USCHAMBER. COM Senior Leaders Meeting - June 2007 DOW CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 17