Water for Peace and Resilience IWRM in the

Water for Peace and Resilience: IWRM in the CAR TFPA Network “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. ” (Thomas Fuller, 1732) Elaine C. Hsiao Pace Law School - Center for Environmental Legal Studies Makerere University – Faculty of Law IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Central Albertine Rift TFPA Network Three Nations: DRC, Rwanda and Uganda Eight National Parks: Virunga NP (DRC), Volcanoes NP (Rwanda), Semuliki NP, Kibale NP, Rwenzori Mountains NP, Queen Elizabeth NP, Bwindi Impenetrable NP, and Mgahinga Gorilla NP (Uganda) IUCN AEL Colloquium One Ecoregional 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Collaboration Fulbright Hsiao Student - Uganda

History of TB Collaboration - 1979: Mountain Gorilla Project - 1989: 1 st Afromontane Forest Conference - 1991: Int'l Gorilla Conservation Programme established - 2004: CAR TFPA MOU - 2005: Goma Declaration - 2006: 10 -Year Transboundary Strategic Plan - 2008: Transboundary Core Secretariat established to begin implementation of 10 Year Plan IUCN AEL Colloquium Elaine C. Hsiao 07 July 2011 Fulbright Student - Uganda

Institutional Framework 10 -Year Transboundary Strategic Plan: - TB Inter-Ministerial Board: ministry representatives - TB Core Secretariat - Technical Committees: research, tourism, community conservation and enterprise, & security and law enforcement - Regional Forum: TB stakeholder exchange Transfrontier Core Secretariat: IUCN AEL Colloquium - July up 07 Made 2011 of Executive Elaine C. Hsiao Directors of 3 PAAs, Fulbright Student - Uganda

Institutional Linkages IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Realities On-The-Ground Disturbances Due to Insecurity: - irregularity of transboundary activities - lack of resources - other priorities North-South Divide: - donor dependent = donor driven - focus on Virunga Massif - lack of regional coordination Jurisdictional Limitations: IUCN AEL Colloquium - international 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao law vs. international Fulbright Student - Uganda

Water Challenges Lack of access to safe water in a water abundant region Provision of water unlinked to watershed protection Soil erosion along “living” border Energy: Oil/gas in Albertine Graben (L. Albert, L. Edward), IUCN AEL Colloquiumacross CAR Hydropower 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Impacts of Climate Change Observable Changes: - Glacier melt - Season variation - Malaria/Disease zones Vulnerabilities: - Mountain zonation - Population density - Regional insecurity IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Africa's Water Towers IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Integrated Water Resources Management IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Cooperation → Collaborative Conservation Ecological Peace: harmony with Nature - e. g. , human-wildlife or human-PA conflict Social Peace: between social groups - e. g. , indigenous peoples and nationstates International Peace: between Nations - e. g. , water wars on the Nile River IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Constitution of Uganda (1995) Objectives and Directive Principles II: Democratic Principles III: National Unity and Stability IX-XII: Development XIII: Protection of Natural Resources XIV: General Social & Economic Objectives XXI: Clean and Safe Water XXIII: Natural Disasters IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 XXVII: The Environment Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Constitution of Uganda (1995) Environmental Rights and Regulation Art. 39 Right to a clean and healthy environment Art. 189 Responsibilities of Government Art. 242 Land use regulation Art. 245 Protection and preservation of the environment IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

Constitution of Uganda (1995) Art. 17 Duties of a citizen (1)(j)to create and protect a clean and healthy environment Art. 38 Civic rights and activities (1) Every Uganda citizen has the right to participate in the affairs of government (2) Every Ugandan has a right to participate in peaceful activities to influence the policies of government through civic organisations IUCN AEL Colloquium Art. 41 Right 07 July 2011 of access Elaine C. Hsiao to information Fulbright Student - Uganda

Objectives of Water Management The Water Act Chapter 152 (1997) Art. 4 Objectives: (a)to promote the rational management and use of the waters of Uganda through (i) the progressive IUCN AEL Colloquium Elaine introduction and C. Hsiao - Uganda 07 July 2011 Fulbright Student

Water Management in Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (WA Art. 5, Wetland Regs 8 -9) - Directorate of Water Development - Directorate of Water Resources - Water Policy Committee (WA Art. 8(1)(iii), 9 -10, Water Resources Regs art. 12) National Environmental Management Authority IUCN AEL Colloquium (NEA art. 5, C. Hsiao Elaine Wetlands 07 Regs art. 6) July 2011 Fulbright Student - Uganda

Integrating IWRM into the CAR The Water (Water Resources) Regulations Art. 12: The [Water Policy] committee shall. . . (a) coordinate the formulation of national policies relating to international water resources; IUCN AEL Colloquium Elaine C. Hsiao 07 July 2011 Fulbright Student - Uganda (b) liaise with international

IWRM in the CAR TFPA Treaty Trilateral MOU: Art. 3 Transfrontier Objectives (1) The objectives of transboundary collaboration in the Central Albertine Rift are: (a) Cooperative conservation of biodiversity and other natural and cultural values across boundaries; (d)(i) Building trust, understanding and cooperation among wildlife authorities, nongovernmental organisations, IUCN AEL Colloquium communities, users and. Elaine C. Hsiao other 07 July 2011 Fulbright Student - Uganda

IWRM for Peace and Resilience Link water access/supply to active conservation(PES) Capacity-building through participatory research Create regional research/data clearing-house (share info!) Create TB network of multistakeholder village-based IUCN AEL Colloquium water committees Elaine C. Hsiao - Uganda across 07 July 2011 Fulbright Student

Thank You! IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda