WASTEWATER DISPOSAL TO DEEP AQUIFERS Made by Aliakparov A Ibragimov K Kauinbai A Orazgalieva G Sultanov E Checked by prof. Zhumadilov N.
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence
. The options for ultimate disposal of wastewater is either onto land or water: 1. Sea 2. Rivers 3. Large surface water bodies 4. Smaller, closed surface water bodies 5. Wetlands and lagoons
Wastewater disposal to water environments The natural purification capacity of the environment is limited. Even when wastewater is disposed to the ocean, the area surrounding the outfall can be sufficiently polluted and the pollutants (including pathogens) can be washed towards the beaches. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) promote the growth of algae in the receiving water. In lakes and sensitive water environments the removal of nutrients may be required. Furthermore if the wastewater contains high levels of heavy metals and toxic chemicals, these may have to be removed before wastewater disposal.
Sewage may drain directly into major watersheads with minimal or no treatment. When untreated, sewage can have serious impacts on the quality of an environment and on the health of people. Patogens can cause a variety of illnesses. Some chemicals pose risks even at very low concentrations and can remain a threat for long periods of time because of bioaccumulation in animal or human tissue.
For systems A and B in Figure 11, this could be achieved by ensuring that all the renovated water is intercepted by the surface or subsurface drain, which would result from excavating or installing the drain deeply enough to make sure that groundwater on the other side of the drain also moves toward the drain. For system C, movement of renovated sewage water to the aquifer outside the SAT system can be prevented by managing infiltration and pumping rates so that the groundwater table below the outer boundaries of the infiltration strips never rises higher than the groundwater table outside the SAT system. This requires groundwater-level monitoring in a few observation wells installed at the outer edges of the infiltration strips. In the case of system D, movement of renovated sewage water into the aquifer outside the circle of wells can be prevented by pumping the wells at sufficient rate so that there is movement of native groundwater outside the SAT system toward the wells.
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hydrogeo_-_wastewater_disposal.pptx