Warfare in the Bronze Age and Iron Age

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Elements of Warfare • • • Weapons Armor Helmets Shields Chariots Formations Achilles fights Memnon over body of Antilochus, BF Amphora c. 500 b. c.

Homeric Warfare • Bronze Age (Mycenaean) Reality? • Iron Age Reality?

Evaluating Authenticity of “Troy” • • Hollywood version of Mycenaean Age or Dark Age or amalgamation of both?

Weapons for Achilles • Pyrrha among the women of Scyros • Poussin

Divine Armour • Achilles • Thetis • Hephaestus (Vulcan) • Benjamin West

The Bow • Philoctetes & the bow of Herakles • Paris & the Death of Achilles

LHI Armor Shoulder guard, Dendra Signet Ring, Thisbe, Boeotia Perishable Cuirass?

LHII • Bronze Armor from Dendra Chamber Tomb • Charioteer or Foot Soldier? • Boar’s Tusk Helmet

LHIIIA-B • Thebes • Cuirass – solid bronze – stitched sheets

LHIIIA-B Variation, Innovation or Continuity? • Mycenae

LHIIIA-B Armor Reconstructions

Linear B Armor Ideograms Knossos LHIIIA Pylos LHIIIB 2

Helmets: EBA: Cyclades

Boar’s Tusk Helmets • Theran fresco • MH helmet from Kolonna, Aegina

MH, LHI & LHII Helmet Styles

Full Body Shields: Figure-of-Eight & Tower • Lion Hunt Dagger & Gold Ring • Shaft Grave IV, Mycenae

Figure-of-Eight Shield Frescos: Tiryns Palace & Mycenae Cult Center • Goat Hide • Central Boss

Tower Shield • Akrotiri, Thera • Telamonian Ajax • Body Shield diminishing popularity over time as bronze becomes more common?

Other Shield Types? • LHIIIC Pictorial Style Krater • Warrior Vase, House at Mycenae • Note Smaller Shields • Eastern Influence? • Sea Peoples?

The Round Shield • Pylos fresco LHIIIB • Tiryns Kraters LHIIIC

Proto-Dipylon Shield? • Stone sculpture • Mycenae, probably LHIIIC • Geometric (Iron Age) Dipylon Cemetery

Weapons • Daggers • Cut and Thrust Swords

Archery, Spears & Javelins • Bronze & Chert arrowheads from Mycenaean sites • Archery in Iliad & Odyssey

Chariot Warfare • Transport or Fighting Platform?

Battle formations? • Individual Combat • Serried Ranks? (Myrmidons) • Phalanx a later development

Iron Age Armor

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