VOLLEYBALL LEVEL 2 Written and edited by: Barb Maue, Ed Vesely, Nancy Nester, and the IHSA 1
CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2
CONFLICT RESOLUTION RECOGNIZE THE CONFLICT DISFUSING THE TIME BOMB - HOW IS IT DONE? SHARPEN YOUR SKILLS - WHAT SKILLS ARE NEEDED? 3
WHAT IS CONFLICT? DIRECT OPPOSITION, A CLASH OR DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN PEOPLE CONFLIFTS ARE EXPERIENCED AT HOME, WORK, SOCIAL RECREATION AND OFFICIATING A CONTEST AS LONG AS YOU HAVE PEOPLE DEALING WITH PEOPLE, MAKING DECISIONS OR MEETING DEADLINES - YOU WILL HAVE CONFLICT 4
WHAT TYPE OF CONFLICTS? Pre-existing (carry over from previous contest) Spontaneous Reaction - reaction in a critical time in the contest Cumulative Response - series of calls or bad breaks that do not favor one team 5
RESOLVING CONFLICT FOR YEARS PEOPLE IN AUTHORITY JUST TOLD OTHERS WHAT TO DO NOW, PEOPLE WANT TO BE HEARD AND HAVE A SAY IN WHAT IS HAPPENING THEREFORE, COMMUNICATION BECOMES VERY IMPORTANT IN RESOLVING CONFLICT 6
RESOLVING CONFLICT APPROACH THE CONFLICT COLLABORATIVELY - WORK WITH COACHES AND/OR YOUR PARTNER(S) SIMPLE COMMUNICATION IS AT THE HEART OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION WITH EVERY CONFLICT - IT’S A MATTER OF LISTENING AND SEEKING TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM MUST BE DONE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CONTEST 7
LEVELS OF CONFLICT INFORMAL - MORE OFTEN HANDLED QUICKER, LESS NOTICEABLE BY OTHERS QUICK COMMENTS TO COACHES AND PARTICIPANTS FORMAL - NEEDS MORE ATTENTION MORE SKILLS NECESSARY TO RESOLVE OR UNDERSTAND WHAT THE COACH, PLAYER AND OFFICIAL HAS HEARD OR SEEN 8
KEY COMPONENTS IN RESOLVING CONFLICT GREAT LISTENING SKILLS FLEXIBILITY WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE AGREE TO DISAGREE 9
LISTENING SKILLS MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT DO NOT INTERRUPT - LET THEM FINISH GOOD POSTURE - MAINTAIN A NONTHREATENING POSTION MENTALLY REHEARSE SITUATIONS YOU MIGHT BECOME EMOTIONAL IN 10
FLEXIBILITY BE ABLE TO ADJUST TO ANY SITUATION DO NOT TRY TO HANDLE THE SITUATION ALONE - USE YOUR PARTNER(S) UNDERSTAND YOU ARE NOT GOING TO PLEASE EVERYONE - AGREE TO DISAGREE THIS IS A TWO WAY STREET, BUT THE OFFICIAL HAS FINAL SAY 11
WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE GET THE CALL RIGHT - USE YOUR PARTNER(S) IF CHANGE IS NECESSARY - MAKE THE CHANGE SUPPORT YOUR PARTNER(S) - YOU ARE A TEAM UNDERSTAND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COACHES AND WHAT MOTIVATES THEM COMMUNICATE WITH THEM - KNOW YOUR COACH 12
DEFUSING THE SITUATION NORMAL CONTEST SITUATIONS WILL NOT BE STOPPED USE VISUAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT WITH COACH OR PARTICIPANTS DIRECT EYE CONTACT OR USE CAUTION SIGN. 13
INFORMAL CONFLICT USE SHORT VERBAL EXPLANATION “I HEAR YOU, I WILL WATCH FOR THAT” “I DID NOT SEE IT THAT WAY” USE HUMOR ONLY WHEN APPROPRIATE - TIMING IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE WITH HUMOR MOST OF ALL - KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE 14
FORMAL CONFLICT CONTEST WILL TEMPORARILY BE STOPPED YOU WILL BE DIRECTLY CONFRONTED BY THE COACH. YOU MUST EVALUATE COACH’S DEGREE OF INTENSITY. LISTEN, BE FLEXIBLE, EVALUATE THE SITUATION AND MAKE CHANGE IF NECESSARY HELP YOUR PARTNER WITH POSITVE INFORMATION - LET PARTNER MAKE THE CALL 15
FORMAL CONFLICT DEFUSE THE SITUATION - DO NOT ABUSE IT - GET EVERYONE CALMED DOWN IF POSSIBLE ESTABLISH YOUR COMFORT ZONE AND AVOID LETTING A COACH INTO YOUR ZONE OF COMFORT DO NOT LOSE YOUR COMPOSURE THIS IS INEXCUSABLE 16
FORMAL CONFLICT ALWAYS DISPLAY PROPER PHYSICAL DEMEANOR GOOD EYE CONTACT PROPER POSTURE LISTEN RATHER THAN CHALLENGE GIVE QUICK PRECISE EXPLANATION AND MOVE FORWARD 17
FORMAL CONFLICT CLOSE THE SITUATION AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE YOU CAN USE THE FOLLOWING: “COACH, I SAW IT DIFFERENTLY THAN THAT” “WE NEED TO GET BACK TO THE CONTEST” REMEMBER DEFUSE RATHER THAN ABUSE 18
Promotion Active officials may go for promotion to the next level after completing two years at current level Registered to Recognized Submit application by published deadline Submit part 1 test and achieve an 85% on test Current rules meeting attendance Take part 2 exam on published date and achieve an 85% on the test Evaluations – You will need to get 3 letters of recommendation to be sent in with your application – 1 from a certified official, 1 from a school, and the 3 rd from either a certified official or a school. 19
Promotion Recognized to Certified Current rule meeting attendance Submit part 1 exam and score at least 90% Submit application by published deadline Achieve an 85% on part 2 exam (which is a closed book exam) Evaluations – You will need to get 3 letters of recommendation to be sent in with your application – 1 from a certified official, 1 from a school, and the 3 rd from either a certified official or a school. 20
Official Association Benefits Opportunity for education, mentoring and socialization Weekly or monthly meetings conduct to help promote officiating in that sport Discussion topics related to current issues Discussion of specific situation that occurred relating to that sport May conduct certified clinics for membership 21
State Series Assigning Process To be eligible for consideration for assignment an official must have current certified clinic (6 hour basketball) current rules meeting attendance not on probation availability updated 22
State Series Assigning Process Assignments are based on the following: power rating of an official percentile ranking of coaches and officials ratings percentile ranking of top 15 list provided by school, assignors and recognized associations geographic representation 23
State Series Assigning Process Power Rating total of 40 points 8 points in six areas part one exam promotion level x-r-c previous tournament experience coaches and officials ratings top 15 list (schools, assignors and associations) number of contests worked level 2 clinic frequency 24
State Series Assigning Process Information on each official is reviewed before assignment to state series power rating percentile ranking of the official’s ratings percentile ranking of the official’s top 15 list promotional level (x-r-c) - years as an official previous state series experience contest worked (sorted A/AA, boys, girls) last clinic - date of rule meeting attendance 25
State Series Assigning Process Schools are notified electronically of officials assigned. Officials are notified of their assignment by mail or electronically to their own personal site if they have notified the IHSA on their personal site that they want to be contacted electronically of their assignment. 26
Communication Ask questions Frequent eye contact between officials during the match If necessary, do not be afraid to call an official’s time out to collaborate with your partner Always communicate the decisions with coaches, captains, and table 27
PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING Preventive officiating and taking care of little things before they become BIG things will make your match more enjoyable to work. Prematch Verify the legality of uniforms and equipment Discuss sportsmanship expectations Check on rosters and lineups Count the number of players on the court and compare that with the number on the team roster Check playing area for special/unusual ground rules 28
PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING Verify uniform numbers with those on roster If using libero, verify uniform numbers Look for jewelry, hair devices, or any other possible illegal device or embellishment Make sure that captain has been designated If not recorded, check to see if libero will be used During play Anticipate problems and be on the look out When captain is removed, ask coach who will be captain Warn the serving team of a possible screen Use your floor captains to remedy situations before they become a problem 29
PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING Deny a second substitution during the same dead ball or time-out Correct improper substitution without penalty unless excessive On a close, but legal, back row player violation, give safe sign DO NOT ignore the coach – have a quick answer ready for a questioning coach DO NOT let preventive officiating get in the way of the flow of the match Diffuse small unsportsmanship issues quickly 30
INFORMAL (Discreet) SIGNALS – used by second referee Make sure to discuss the use of these signals with your partner prior to the contest Given as discreet signal to first referee – DO NOT BLOW THE WHISTLE To increase visibility during a rally, step further to the side of the standard ball handling calls out of the sight of the first referee down ball vs. pancake save back-row player foul – this can be a delayed call 31
INFORMAL SIGNALS – used by second referee touches by the receiving team on a ball going out of bounds four hits position of setter prior to serve – ex. discreet signal with his/her hand on each leg to identify position (front or back row) game/match point – place index finger flat against the shoulder closest to the serving team 32
Just because you make this discreet signal does not mean the first referee will make that call. He/she may have seen something differently. These situations should be discussed after the game. Some officials, as second referee, prefer to blow the whistle and make the illegal back row player call. This should be discussed with your partner. Either way, the call should be made. 33
INJURY TIME-OUT First referee stops play at earliest possible time Second referee has timer start clock for 30 seconds Before 30 seconds expires, coach is asked for decision injured player remains in game injured player is replaced take a time out, if team has one remaining 34
Resumption of play depend on when injured player can be moved If delay is long, players shall be allowed to go to benches or warm up at safe distance. If player can receive proper treatment during the injury time-out, the player may remain in the game, unless that player was rendered unconscious. If player’s uniform has a saturated area of blood, the uniform must be changed. Ensure proper clean-up 35
SECOND REFEREE’S POSITION AND TRANSITIONING 36
STARTING THE RALLY When On or just before the first referee whistles for serve Position 1 -2 meters back from standard 1 -2 meters on side of receiving team Square to court Focus Receiving team Watching for Position faults 37
TRANSITION TO NET When On contact of serve Position 1 -2 meters back from standard Slightly on side of receiving team Focus Blockers and the attack zone Watching for Net violations Illegal attacks or blocks Center line violations 38
DURING ATTACK When After the set Position 1 -2 meters back from standard Slightly on side of blocking team Focus Along the net Watching for Net violations Touches by blockers 39
AFTER THE ATTACK When As the attackers and blockers land Position 1 -2 meters back from standard Slightly on side of blocking team Focus Along net and centerline Watching for Net violations Centerline violations 40
TRANSITION TO OPPOSITE SIDE When Move quickly after attackers/blockers have landed and are under control Be in position before 2 nd contact Position 1 -2 meters back from standard Slightly on side of NEW blocking team Focus Blockers plus attack zone Down and through the net Watching for Net violations Illegal attacks or blocks 41
DURING NEXT ATTACK When After the set Position 1 -2 meters back from standard Slightly on side of NEW attacking team Focus Along the net Watching for Net violations Touches on blockers 42
AFTER THE RALLY When After the whistle Position Away from the standard Square to the court Focus Along the net Through the attack zone to the first referee Signaling Net violations, touches by defense Other appropriate faults OR mimic the first referee’s signal 43
When BETWEEN RALLIES After the signals Position Moving towards the rally starting position Focus Scanning from bench to bench Pay special attention to receiving team on previous rally Watching for Substitutions Timeout requests Libero replacements Taunting and talking through the net 44
POINTS TO REMEMBER Always move to the proper side of the net before signaling HOLD your in/out call. Give it only if the first referee asks for your help Give a discreet touch signal on ball going out of bounds immediately Proper position is the key to seeing and making the right call, so move quickly Always mimic the first referee’s signals 45
Back Row Player Fouls Back Row Attack Back Row Blocker 46
Back Row Attack – any action other than a block or serve that directs the ball toward the opponent’s court. A team’s third hit is always considered an attack. Ball Position Completely above the height of the net Player Position On or in front of the attack line or its out-ofbounds extension, OR In the air, having left the floor while on or in front of the attack line or its out-of-bounds extension 47
9 -5 -4 A back-row player is treated the same no matter what circumstances. It is now illegal anytime a back-row player on or in front of the attack line contacts the ball completely above the height of the net and completes an attack or the ball is legally touched by an opponent. 48
Do not make this call until the ball is considered to have crossed the net. Ball has “crossed the net” if: it has passed completely beyond the vertical plane of the net OR it is partially over the net and is contacted by an opponent OR no part of the ball has crossed the net and it is legally blocked 49
Tips Usually involves setters running 6 -2 or 5 -1 offenses. . . Must track setters closely May be an intentional play (set to back row player) that isn’t quite deep enough Give the “legal back row attack” sign (onehanded “safe” sign on side of net involved in play) if a questionable play is deemed legal It is OK to delay this call; may need to confer with your second referee 50
MISCONCEPTIONS about Back Row Attack Jumping determines when a back row attack occurs Block negates all back row attacks Ball that goes into the opponent’s court is always a back row attack 51
Back Row Blocker Any back row player who completes a block or participates in a completed, collective block Block Definition – 3 Requirements Player is close to the net Reaching above the height of the net Deflecting a ball coming from the opponent’s court 52
Types of Blocks Completed Block – when the ball is touched by a blocker (only front-row players are permitted to complete a block) Collective Block – a block completed by more than one blocker in close proximity. (Completed when one of the players touches the ball) 53
Back Row Blocker Tips Usually involves setters running 6 -2 or 5 -1 offenses. . . Must track setters closely DO NOT give “safe” sign if a close play is deemed legal It is OK to delay this call; may need to confer with your second referee Know difference between back row blocker vs. first team hit (attempted save or pass) If the back row player’s hands are completely below the top of the net, play continues and that contact is the team’s first hit 54
MISCONCEPTIONS about Back Row Blocker Fouls A ball that comes from the opponents and rebounds off of a back row player near the top of the net is automatically a back row blocker. The back row player must jump for a foul to occur. 55
MULTIPLE CONTACTS More than 1 contact by a player during 1 attempt to play the ball Permitted only on any 1 st team hit, whether or not the ball is touched by the block Point of emphasis: finger action may be used BUT REMEMBER – Prolonged contact is illegal on ANY hit 56
TRACKING PLAYERS Watch teams during warm-ups Identify the setter(s) Make note of the setter(s) on line up card Always know the setter’s position in the line-up If running a 6 -2 offense, setters are opposite each other Remember, in a 6 -2 offense, there should be 2 players between each setter If running a 5 -1 offense, setter will come to the net when playing back row 57
TRACKING PLAYERS During the interval between serves, quickly note player positions Some officials check numbers of front row players, others use the back row This will help you to note if a back row player, such as a setter, is coming to the net to play the ball. Tracking players and identifying illegal alignments takes work and preparation Ensure libero serves in correct rotation 58
OFFENSIVE ALIGNMENTS Discussion and on court demonstration of the following: 4 player receive/front row setter 4 player receive/back row setter Stack left Stack right Any other alignments that you may encounter Discuss possible areas of overlapping and suggestions on tracking players. 59
SCREENING Players on the serving team shall not take action to prevent receivers from seeing the contact of the serve and/or the path of the served ball. Potential screens Player on serving team waves arms, jumps, moves sideways or stands close to the server When a group of two or more teammates stand close together A single player moves to block the receiver’s view of the serve 60
Things to remember about SCREENING The ball must be served directly over the head(s) of those doing the screening Note the trajectory of the ball. If the ball is served high and is easy to react to, no screen is called. If the serving team members are bent at the waist and attempting to give the receivers a visual path, there is no screen. 61
If you see a potential screen, use preventive officiating and advise the players to move apart. They may not realize what they are doing. One warning should be enough. After that, make the call. Learn what to look for. This situation can look different from different areas around the court. Avoid the misconception that having one’s hands above the head or out to the side is always screening. 62
NET PLAY – OVER THE NET A player shall not contact a ball that is completely on the opponent’s side of the net unless the contact is a legal block. When is a player considered “over the net”? Cannot take a play away from opponents A team must be given an opportunity to use its 3 allowable hits 63
A player may block a ball that is completely on the opponent’s side of the net when: Attacking team has had its 3 hits. In the official’s judgment, the attacking team has directed the ball toward the opponent’s court, as in a spike or drive from the backcourt Ball is falling near the net, and no member of the attacking team can make a play on the ball Ball is traveling towards the net and would clearly have gone over the net without being played by the attacking team (overpass) REMEMBER: It is never legal to attack a ball that is completely on the opponents’ side of the net 64
BENCH CONTROL Second Referee – closest to bench – primary responsibility for controlling this area Be professional – if you show respect, you will receive respect Build a working rapport Use proper mechanics and make the correct call Be ready for substitutions and time outs Use preventive officiating before a problem arises Cultivate a positive relationship 65
BENCH CONTROL(cont. ) Stay alert for activity that could become an issue. If the bench shows disagreement, deal with the coach only – let the coach deal with any others on the bench. Be proactive in protecting your partner – but discuss any disagreement with him/her later. If a coach is upset with a controversial call, a good approach is a conciliatory but concise response such as, “I understand coach, but the call stands”. 66
BENCH CONTROL (cont. ) Sometimes the coach wants to have a BRIEF say and be done with it. Let that happen. If he/she insists on pursuing the matter, halt the disruptive behavior. Stay composed. Do not get into a confrontation with the coach. Issue a card if necessary. If card is issued to someone other that the coach, be sure to inform the coach. Working with the coach leads to better bench control. Remind coach to be seated prior to beckon of serve. 67
USE OF LINE JUDGES Position – One line judge on first referee and second referees’ right straddling the intersection of the sideline and end line Move to have a clear view of both the end line and the sideline If server serves from the far-left one-third of the court, line judge should move directly back and in line with the extension of the left sideline. After serve, move back into the proper position. 68
LINE JUDGE Responsibilities Foot faults at moment of serve Indicate if ball does not cross the net entirely inside net antennas – move, if necessary, to judge Indicate if ball touches net, net antennas, and/or net supports not entirely between the net antennas Determine if ball is in or out of bounds when it lands near any line for which they are responsible 69
Indicate if player touches a ball going out of bounds Communicate with the first referee when asked, when ball touches the ceiling or overhead obstruction, if out of view of the officials. 70
LINE JUDGE SIGNALS 1. Obtaining first referee’s attention 2. Inbounds (2 hands) 3. Out of bounds/antenna violation 4. Ball touched 5. Line violation 6. View of play blocked 71
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro) Defensive specialist with free entry privileges and play restrictions Coach may designate one per game Must wear uniform top that clearly contrasts with regular uniform color Uniform bottom is similar color to team’s Designated player remains libero for entire game barring injury Coach indicates libero on line-up using the player’s libero number 72
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro) Unlimited entries (NOT substitutions) May replace any back row player One replacement per dead ball The player the libero replaced must be the player to replace the libero Tracked by libero tracker at scorer’s table Entry Procedure Always between 10’ line and end line Start of game: second referee indicates OK to replace after checking starting line-up In game: free exchange during dead balls 73
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro) Restrictions on play Cannot complete an attack on any ball completely above the net Cannot fake, attempt, or complete a block Cannot play front row While in the front zone, cannot overhand finger pass a ball to a teammate who completes an attack on a ball completely above the net Can only serve in one rotation 74
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL When a libero rotates to the front row and the officials identify and correct the situation prior to the next service contact Ø What is the call? 75
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL Illegal alignment – (Signal #1) loss of rally/point 76
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL If the libero blocks or attempts to block a ball Ø What is the call? 77
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL Illegal block - (Signal #9) loss of rally/point 78
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL The libero serves in wrong rotation. ØWhat is the call? 79
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL Illegal alignment - (Signal 1) loss of rally/point 80
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL The libero completes an attack when the ball is completely above the height of the net. ØWhat is the call? 81
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL Illegal attack - (Signal #8 point to libero) loss of rally/point 82
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL The libero overhand finger sets a teammate while on or in front of the 10 foot line, and the player completes the attack. ØWhat is the call? 83
LIBERO – YOU MAKE THE CALL Illegal attack (Signal 8) After giving the illegal attack signal, indicate the libero with an open hand Loss of rally/point 84
LIBERO INJURY SUBSTITUTION Must be replaced by player whom he/she replaced Redesignating new libero does not need to happen immediately Can use any player on the bench Injured libero may NOT return in any capacity to that game Redesignated libero must wear libero uniform with unique number Redesignated libero must remain the libero for the rest of the game 85
ACCESSING CURRICULUM ON IHSA WEBSITE Go to IHSA. org Enter the Officials’ Center – you will need your number and password Lower left-hand side – look for Officials’ Education Look for Volleyball – Level 1 and 2 86
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