Vocabulary for the Civic and Economic Mind! By: Quatisha Farland 2/10/10 Civics and Economics #1
Goal 1 • • Albany Plan of Union Aristocracy Autocracy Bacon’s Rebellion Coercive Acts Declaratory Act Egalitarianism • Eminent domain • Establishment Clause • Free Exercise Clause • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Jean Jacque Rousseau • Land Ordinance of 1785 • Oligarchy • Proclamation or 1763
Albany Plan of Union • Called for a enduring union of the colonies under one representative government • Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. MIDDLE SOUTHERN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES One Representative Government
Aristocracy e We got th power! POWE R I hate the rich ones • A government in which authority lies with people of upper classes.
Autocracy W PO ER • A government in which authority belongs in the hands of a single person, such as an emperor or king.
Bacon’s Rebellion • Armed quarrel in the South between rich We Shall fight until we plantation owners, poor die! farmers, and slaves. Nathaniel Bacon, a Virginia planter, railed forces to fight Native Americans on the Virginia frontier.
Coercive Acts Military • Closed Boston Harbor and positioned military management over Massachusetts. It also lengthened Canadian border, Boston Harbor thus taking land away from certain colonies. • Also known as the “Intolerable Acts” because of their harshness.
Declaratory Act Laws Parliament Colonies • This act stated that Parliament had the authority to impose laws on the colonies.
Egalitarianism • The suggestion that all men are created equal and own “natural rights” because they are human beings. EQUALITY
Eminent Domain • The government’s supremacy to obtain classified possessions for public use.
Establishment Clause • The Establishment Clause prohibited Congress from creating a religion. Wasilism Ne. Corpay Heatism
Free Exercise Clause • Free Exercise Clause outlawed Congress from making any law leave out the free use of one’s spiritual way of life. Congress says I can practice any religion I want to
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut We Approve l Ap a rov p I propose we prohibit people under the age of 21 to drink • It declared that the government's control came only from the “free approval of the people” and set restrictions on what the government could do.
Jean Jacque Rousseau • He encouraged egalitarianism, a rule on which the Declaration of Independence was based. Equality is the key to success and prosperity. No one is different!
Land Ordinance of 1785 La nd for Sa le nd La e al r. S fo • Separated the land into townships and permitted Congress to raise money by selling the property to colonist.
Oligarchy • A government in which authority lies with a small group of citizens. POW ER
Proclamation of 1763 • It prevented colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and put the region in British military control.
Goal 2 • • Budget Surplus Censure Cloture Commute sentences Deficit spending Elastic Clause Excise taxes Expenditures • • Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Income tax Judicial review Precedence Regressive taxes Reprieves Treasure bonds
Budget Surplus GOVERNMENT SPENDING REVENUE • The government spends less money than it has in profits.
Censure That was very unsuitable behavior for someone of your stature What possessed you to act in such a manner? • When a senator or delegate is publicly lectured by his/her colleagues for improper conduct.
Cloture • The avoidance of numerous filibusters • 3/5 of the attending senators are in consensus of ending a dispute, then the filibuster is ended and vote can take place. 3/5 ths Ag emen re t
Commuted Sentence Well at least I’m not in jail rotting for 15 years. • Is a authorized verdict which has been adjusted by a representative to make the punishment less harsh.
Deficit Spending • Willingness by the government to pay out money that it doesn’t have REVENUE
Elastic Clause • Implied Powers (unspoken powers) under this clause.
Excise Taxes • Levy placed on particular goods • Example: levy on cigarettes. NEWPORT
Expenditures • Programs, organizations, and other things the federal government pays for • Examples: national security, government salaries, federal programs, etc.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier • 1988 • The court applied the First Amendment privileges in schools because it relates to freedom of the press. 1 st Amendment R. A. P. P. S SCHOOL
Income Tax Get this much back • Is a levy (tax) based on the revenue citizens are paid. Pay this much
Judicial Review • Not a power particularly established by the constitution • Established by preference in 1803 POW ER CONSTITUITON
Precedence HOMEWORK OR Priority • Preference to something, or making something a priority READ SCRIPT
Regressive Taxes • Regressive (taxing poorer people more ruthlessly) taxes takes a bigger earnings of revenue from those who receive less. Charging more to the poor! It’s like the reverse of the Robin Hood who gave to the power and stole from the rich
Reprieves d n S te en sd i ce e lay e • To postpone the sentence of a condemned criminal.
Treasure Bonds • Certificates that are sold to others in replace for currency that they are loaning to the government. CERTIFICATE
Goal 3 • • • Alderman Annexation Disaster relief Estate tax Inheritance Tax • • • Leandro Case Ordinances Register of Deeds Sales tax State v. Mann
Alderman • A member of the City Council, predominantly in larger cities
Annexation • the process in which a city develops by taking over distant and formerly selfgoverning districts.
Constitutional Convention • A separate convention called for the revision or modification of the constitution. 18 th Amendmentbanning Alcohol 21 st Amendmentrepealing alcohol elimination
Estate Tax 24 Kt. Ring tax • Collected when a person dies • When someone expires, the claim and possessions that he/she leaves behind is called a estate. • The importance of the estate is tax that must be paid before it can be relocated to the deceased’s beneficiary.
Inheritance tax • levy that must be compensated on what an individual inherits from someone who has passed on. I can’t believe she left me her house and her ruby necklace. I knew all those years of being nice to Tisha would pay off! Having to pay taxes to get the stuff wasn’t in the will
Leandro Case Berlin High Welcome to CEC • 1997 • School boards and students from numerous low-income counties and urban areas took legal action on the state for unsuccessfully fulfilling its constitutional obligation to provide a quality education.
Ordinances Laws of Punkanew City • Laws enforced to a particular city *Do not run, jump, or scream when you see the governor *Always floss at 2 o’clock p. m *Never drink Orange Soda *Always use the bathroom facilities when at home at least four times a day
Register of Deeds Name: Quatisha S. Farland Mother: Tracy Farland Father: Linnill Farland Date of Birth: May 23, 1994 Race: Black Weight: 2 lbs 4 ounces Sex: Female • Acts as the curator for all land business documents, deeds of trust, and other legal credentials concerning real estate. • Ex: Birth Certificate, Driver’s license
Sales Tax • Tax on products and services paid for by consumers. • This tax is equal to the percentage of the price (more expensive in products the more the consumer pays in tax) HERSHEY BAR Milk chocolate $1. 99 $0. 13 $2. 12
State v. Mann • 1830 • A female slave released from another owner was shot by a slave master named John Mann. He was prosecuted and convicted of battery. The NC Supreme court ruled in favor of Mann after he argued that the law did not limit the actions a master might use to force obedience from a slave. Thus, stating that “the power of the slave owner must be absolute, to make the obedience of the slave perfect”
Goal 4 • • • Apathy Arbitration Canvassing Caucus Civic Responsibilities Coalitions Domestic Tranquility Impartial Jury Mediation • • • Partisan Election Patronage Primary Election Public Agenda Reactionary Run-Off Election
Apathy • A citizen without care of making their voice heard. • Seldom use their Who cares about right to vote voting, not me!
Arbitration • A unbiased third party that legally binds two conflicting sides that agree to make a decision Let’s make this agreemen t legal guys!
Canvassing • Volunteers visit everyone in a neighborhood or place themselves in a public place to encourage society to vote for their candidate
Caucus United States • States choose their party’s candidate for president • Party members hold local meetings to choose delegates Candidate for Presidency
Civic Responsibilities s osse P leg of il on si Pay Taxes Lit ter ing gs Dru al • Responsibilities that society must Vote be willing to take on in order for US society to function well. Running Red Lights Ex: voting, paying • taxes, and obeying the laws Jury Duty
Coalitions • The banding together of different groups for the purpose of accomplishing political achievement.
Domestic Tranquility • The laws of the land are meant to maintain an organized and beneficial society • Prosper when society decide to both follow their civic responsibilities and abide by the law of the land You must abide by the laws in order for our h society to flouris
Impartial jury • Group of unbiased citizens that decide whether or not the person charged with a crime is guilty UNBIASED
Mediation I can help the two of you resolve your problem • A third party assists two opposing sides in finding a solution
Partisan Election President Barack Obama Party: Democrat • The party in which a candidate belongs to is clearly stated
Patronage • Promising individuals a certain position in exchange for their support Vote for Samuel Butkin and I promise to lower your taxes
Primary Election Democrats running for President: Barack Obama Hilary Clinton • Voters decide between candidates within the same party
Public Agenda raq to I going s Troop • Concerns that are most essential to US citizens • Has a great impact on US politics • Ex: US military actions, concerns about the environment, etc.
Reactionary • Groups that “react” to what they view as drastic changes or actions • Value the status quo or want to see a return to more customary ways We need to enforce the laws in a more sufficient way to the public since President Samuel Butkin was Assassinated
Run-Off election 152 Votes 150 Votes • Occurs when there is no clear majority vote between numerous candidates running for office, then there will be a run-off election between the top people with votes (usually the top two)
Goal 5 • Adversarial System • Arraignment • Capital Offense • Indictment • Infrastructure • • • Misdemeanors Plea Bargain Subpoena Torts Writ of Certiorari
Adversarial System Attorney-Defendant Attorney- Plaintiff • A system in which court cases are usually disputed by attorneys for opposing sides
Arraignment You are being charged for second degree murder and grand theft auto Yeah I figured that! • The defendant is informed of the charges against him/her
Capital Offense I have to dispose of the gun • A severe crime for which the defendant can be sentenced to death Sentenced to death (electricity) flowing in the brain
Indictment • A formal charge that someone has committed a felony. You are being charged with the murder of Samuel Heineken!
Infrastructure • Public systems, services and facilities of a country or region that are necessary for economic activity including utilities, sewage, water, and other resources Water
Misdemeanors I knew I shouldn’t have ran that red light; now I have to pay a $200 fine. Rats! • Less serious crimes that are usually liable to be punished by a fine, probation, or less than a year in jail.
Plea Bargaining If you plead guilty the judge will go easy on the punishment • Process in which defendants who know they will possibly be found guilty at trial agree to plead guilty in exchange for being charged with a less serious offense, or a assurance of less harsh punishment of the crime they are charged with.
Subpoena • Legal Documents ordering a particular person to appear in court to testify Dear Felix Washington, It is mandatory you testify in court Saturday morning March 11, 2010, against the defendant Rodger Mc. Donald.
Torts You told everyone my business was a scam and unreliable for services. I’m taking you to court! Oh yeah! Well we’ll just see how far you get with that • Cases that generally involve suspected injuries to one’s person, reputation, possessions, or business.
Writs of Certiorari US Supreme Court US District Court Decision • The power higher courts have to request that certain lower court decisions be referred to them for review
Goal 6 • Administrative Law • Agricultural Groups • Boot Camps • British Common Law • Code of Hammurabi • Community • Deterrence • Draconian laws • Food and Drug Administration • Franking Privilege • Non-Economic Interest Groups • Restitution
Administrative Law • Laws about government-related or organizational-related issues. (These cases may eventually go to court but first there is an administrative process. ) EX: international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration, and transport. China United States
Agricultural Groups • Groups that provide support to farmers in times of economic hardship. Support during economic hardship
Boot Camps • Alternative punishment; military-style camps to rehabilitate juvenile offenders by instilling discipline and respect Sir yes sir!
British Common Law • Law based on tradition or past court decisions rather than written statues. • Impacted US law by establishing the idea of accepting past court decisions as authoritative in cases where no formal law exists or is considered vague. BASED UPON Past Court Decisions Tradition
Code of code of Hammurabi • Hammurabi’s law established that all individuals have natural rights; they influenced many surrounding and future civilizations. • First complete set of laws. • Code based on previous laws and social norms that Hammurabi revised and expanded. • “Ignorance is no longer a defense” I didn’t know murder was a crime and they still put me in jail!
Community Service • Perform set number of hours working for a charity, cleaning public areas, serving at a shelter or volunteering. I have to wash all of these boards in the community for the next 4 months
Deterrence You’re sentenced to 32 years in the state prison with no probation • Prevent future crimes by using punishments Nooooooo!
Draconian Laws • The Draconian Laws gave the people common people a voice. The laws helped solidify the Athenian city-state. It is the first written code of law for the Greeks. The Greek law wanted everyone to be aware of laws and consequences. The punishment was DEATH…for almost
Food and Drug Administration • FDA is responsible for regulating food, drugs, medical equipment, dietary supplements, and other products that could impact the health of citizens
Franking Privilege • The privilege of sending mail for free. • Elected officials can use this privilege to respond to letters from constituents or send out newsletters to keep people informed about what is happening in government. FREE SENDING
Non-Economic Interest Groups • Interest in which money is not considered the driving factor. • These groups usually support an ideological belief. They exist to support a standard or honorable cause, rather than economic concerns.
Restitution • Criminal has to restore victim’s property • Ex: Stolen credit card…convicted felon must pay back the card owner Sorry for stealing your card Ms. Farland here’s some money and your card!
Goal 7 • • Agribusiness Capital Investment Command Economies • Consumer Goods • Immediate Gratification • Karl Marx • Salary • Specialization • Wages
Agribusiness • The replacement of small, labor-intensive family-owned farms with larger, capitalintensive company owned farms Brock Farming Co.
Capital • Structures and equipment involved in the manufacturing process • Ex: nail guns, machinery, computer, grills, tools, lighting and assembly lines
Capital Investment • Investment in capital goods and human capital.
Command Economies Government • Economies where prices and production are controlled by the government. I control prices and production. Ha Ha Ha!
Consumer Goods • Items purchased for final use by individuals My mommy brought me a new teddy to play with…yay!
Immediate Gratification Instant/short term satisfaction Well that excitement didn’t last long at all.
Karl Marx Capitalism • German Philosopher • Published The Communist Manifesto, a work that attacked capitalism as an unjust system that privileged the rich and explored the poor working class.
Salary Paid by the hour • paid a set amount, not tied to hours or amount produced
Specialization • The devotion of certain resources to a specific tack. I’m a specialist at photography.
Wages • paid by the hour, tied to amount of hours worked or amount produced I worked 16 hours yesterday, so I should get a big fat paycheck come next Friday. Yes!
Goal 8 • • • Anti-Trust Laws Barter System Bonds Commercial Banks Credit Union • Liability Insurance • National Labor Relations Act • Supply Side Economics • Time deposit • “Trickle Down Effect”
Anti-Trust Laws • Anti-trust laws began in the late 1800 s. • These are laws that prohibit monopolies. Originally, they were either not enforced or proved ineffective. Monopolies
Barter System • People had to trade goods that they possessed for goods that they wanted. Hey Fred do you want to trade this turtle for that snake Bart already wants me to trade for his leopard skin!
Bonds • Loans to either a company or the government. $ $ $ WARD AND SMITH P. A $ $ LOANS
Commercial Banks • Financial institutions whose main functions are to receive deposits of money, extend credit, and provide loans. Asdsasda Adadad Ad asasd 27271919 Money Deposit Box
Credit Union • Cooperative associations that serve only their members. • Like banks, they offer checking and savings accounts, as well as grant loans. Loan for Hair Business & Save more with us!
Liability Insurance • Provides protection from claims arising from injuries or damage to the other people or property. Last week I hit a car and could not have my car repaired because I only had liability insurance and not collision. Bummer! Ha-ha that’s what you get!
National Labor Relations Act • 1935 • This law gave employees the right to join unions without interference from employers to choose representatives for the purposes of collective bargaining. Ha-ha, I can join a labor union and no one will stop me!
Supply Side Economics • An economic approach that increases production by cutting corporate taxes so that businesses can have more money to spend on production and labor.
Time Deposit • Accounts that individuals only have access to after a set amount of time. • For example: certificates of deposits, or CDs This account will self destruct in the time listed below 4: 32: 12: 07
“Trickle Down Effect” • Reagan believed that by enabling businesses to spend more on capital and labor, it would have a “Trickle Down effect” in which everyone in society benefits. Spend more $ $ $ SOCIETY
Goal 9 • • • Affirmative Action Bull Market Child Labor Clean Water Act Consumer Protection • • • Embargoes European Union Federal Reserve NIMBY Service Industries
Affirmative Action • Policies designed to hire and/or recruit minority candidates for job openings for the purpose of promoting racial and/or cultural diversity. We were hoping you would have some jobs available Of course dearies!
Bull Market • When a stock market experiences a steady rise in prices over a period of time 5. 99 4. 99 3. 99 2. 99 1. 99 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Child Labor • Requiring children to work Let’s put you to work little girl Aren’t I too young this is child labor and I don’t like it
Clean Water Act • Regulate how much pollution companies can legally release into the environment and how they dispose of things like radioactive waste. You are certified to put only two cans in the Eason River per week.
Consumer Protection • Overseen by the CPSC • They make sure no products on the market are potentially harmful of defective. • Require consumers to spend money on extra safety measures, conduct additional product safety tests, and pay personnel to make sure that their businesses meet safety guidelines. I’ll watch over you little consumers. No bad food will upset your tummy or make you die with our protection!
Embargoes • Sanctions against a country that prevents another country/countries from trading with it. Ugh you’re such a baby! USSR Uhh this is hard for me, but we’re not shipping grain to you anymore because the Soviets invaded me. United States
European Union • Trading union consisting of 25 European nations that facilitates trade and commerce as it seeks to create a unified regional, rather than national, economy. Bart and Sam I’m glad you’re close, but we have to ease trade and commerce in this region EUROPEAN NATION
Federal Reserve • Set financial policy and control the amount of money circulating in the economy
NIMBY • “Not In My Backyard” • Phrase used by citizens who oppose unwelcome businesses that want to build close to residential neighborhoods. No businesses in my business!
Service Industries • Restaurants, doctors’ offices, auto mechanics, various forms of entertainment, etc.
Goal 10 • • Acid Rain Ageism Educated Citizenry Fiscal Responsibilities • Melting Pot Theory • Moral Responsibilities • Negative Stereotypes • Poverty • Prison Reform • Tolerance
Acid Rain • The process in which chemicals released into the atmosphere absorbed as water droplets in clouds.
Ageism Dunder Mifflin didn’t hire me because they said I was too old. Talk about poor citizenship! • Discrimination based on age; usually against the elderly.
Earning Capacity $ $ $ Lifetime $ $ • The amount of income that one is likely to earn in a lifetime.
Fiscal Responsibilities Support one’s family ng for sion (savi Pen t) retiremen • Responsibilities related to money, such as supporting one’s family, saving for retirement and college, and paying bills.
Melting Pot Theory Multicultural religions Different Beliefs Various customs • This theory states that US society is best served when people abandon their cultural differences. One way for everything
Moral Responsibilities • Responsibilities one feels to live by certain religious convictions, maintain his/her integrity, honor a promise, etc. We are a nation that smiles upon greatness and in doing so we must help others in the process of prosperity.
Negative Stereotypes Pink people are always the dumb ones. Look at him, he even looks illiterate. I bet he doesn’t even know his own name. • Pre-judgments about people • Often based on a person’s race or nationality.
Poverty Lack of clothes Lack of food chicken $ $ $ Lack of money • Economic condition in which individuals/families find themselves lacking the money and resources necessary to survive.
Prison Reform • Improving prison conditions to make for a more effective criminal justice system. Better secured prison
Tolerance Although we are different in so many ways, I still respect you as a person. • One is willing to treat with respect other citizens who choose to live or believe differently.
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