Скачать презентацию Vittoria International School Torino Chemistry course Biological molecules Скачать презентацию Vittoria International School Torino Chemistry course Biological molecules

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Vittoria International School, Torino Chemistry course Biological molecules and food The chemistry of macromolecules Vittoria International School, Torino Chemistry course Biological molecules and food The chemistry of macromolecules Professor Elena V. Tibaldi

When we buy food we find a table called “nutrition facts” what are those When we buy food we find a table called “nutrition facts” what are those names listed? lipids carbohydrates proteins vitamins

Carbohydrates are the most important molecules for energy production Plants are able to produce Carbohydrates are the most important molecules for energy production Plants are able to produce glucose through photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O + solar energy Glucose + O 2 Animals need to eat food to get glucose for the cells

Carbohydrates and energy production Energy is produced in the cells through a process called Carbohydrates and energy production Energy is produced in the cells through a process called cell respiration Glucose + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP Muscle cells are plenty of mitochondria they need a lot of energy!

Carbohydrates maltose glucose lactose galactose disaccharides monosaccharides sucrose fructose cellulose glycogen starch polisaccharides Carbohydrates maltose glucose lactose galactose disaccharides monosaccharides sucrose fructose cellulose glycogen starch polisaccharides

High levels of glucose in blood danger Eccess glucose in bloodstream diabetes Glucose test High levels of glucose in blood danger Eccess glucose in bloodstream diabetes Glucose test www. nlm. nih. gov/. . . /ency/fullsize/19825. jpg www. nlm. nih. gov/. . . /ency/fullsize/18029. jpg

Lipids triglycerides phospholipids • long chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • insoluble in Lipids triglycerides phospholipids • long chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • insoluble in water steroids types cholesterol waxes energy storage structural hormone precursor thermal insulation functions vitamine precursor mechanical protection impermeabilization

Triglycerides • made of glycerol and three fatty acids • insoluble in water • Triglycerides • made of glycerol and three fatty acids • insoluble in water • energy storage and impermeabilization • oil if liquid at RT (ie olive oil) and fat is solid at RT (ie butter) myoptumhealth. com

Phospholipids • Formed by a hydrophilic head (glycerol and phosphate group) and two hydrophobic Phospholipids • Formed by a hydrophilic head (glycerol and phosphate group) and two hydrophobic tails (fatty acids) • Produced in liver • Main constituent of cell membrane lipid bilayer

Waxes 1) Insoluble in water protection and impermeabilization Bird feathers Upper surface of leaves Waxes 1) Insoluble in water protection and impermeabilization Bird feathers Upper surface of leaves 2) Fruit impermeabilization (apples, pear, cherries) 3) Bees use them to build the hive

Cholesterol • in animal cell membrane • vitamin D precursor (bones and teeth) • Cholesterol • in animal cell membrane • vitamin D precursor (bones and teeth) • produced by liver www. lowercholesterolldl. com

High cholesterol levels danger! In blood: atherosclerotic plaques build up in artery walls medicalimages. High cholesterol levels danger! In blood: atherosclerotic plaques build up in artery walls medicalimages. allrefer. com hubpages. com In liver: gallstone formation

Proteins • Chain of aminoacids • Found in eggs, meat, fish, milk and derivatives, Proteins • Chain of aminoacids • Found in eggs, meat, fish, milk and derivatives, vegetables and cereals immune defense transport membrane receptor muscle contraction structural functions regulatory enzymatic

Vitamins Many different types: • vit A (retinol) • vit B complex • vit Vitamins Many different types: • vit A (retinol) • vit B complex • vit C (ascorbic acid) • vit D (important for bones and teeth) • vit K (produced by bacterial flora) In vegetables, fruit, fish, meat, cereals phentermine. bz/tag/natural-vitamins

Breakfast is a very important meal During breakfast we need to get at least Breakfast is a very important meal During breakfast we need to get at least 20% of daily values Breakfast should be abondant, but easy to digest Cereals, rusks, milk and coffee and fruits should be preferable to butter, croissants and cakes! Have a good and healthy day!