Vitamins Ass. prof. , Ph. D. Eugeniy V. Khomutov
General By the end of XIX century it was known: Balanced diet Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Minerals ? • Nevertheless the specific disorders (beri, scurvy, pellagrs etc. ) were developing 1911 Funk obtained the substance that prevent beri from brane of rice and gave it’s the name - Vitamin (vita – life) 5 th element
Metabolism and functions cell intestine blood absorption modification transport Active form The two main functions: 1. Serve as the coenzyme for the composite enzymes 2. Serve as regulators (D, A), protectors (A, E) and other specific functions (vision) Regulators, protectors (A, D, E, K) Coenzyme
Vitamin B 1 В 1 (Thiamine) 2 АТP 2 АДP Formation of active form Thiamin В 1 Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
Витамин B 1 Biological role: • Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate α-ketoglutarate Acetyl-Co. A (Metabolism of CH and energ Succinyl-Co. A (Metabolism of energy) CH 3 C=O CO 2 + ТПФ + COOH pyruvate CH 3 C-OH ТПФ • Interconversions of pentoses (транскетолазная реакция)
В 2 (Riboflavine) B 2 has 2 coenzyme forms: FMN и FAD Vit. B 2
Vitamon B 2 Biological role: • Transfer of hydrogen atoms FАD + SH 2 FАD·H 2 + S FМН + NADH 2 ФМD·H 2 + NAD+ Desorder: Dermatitis stomatitis, glossitis angular stomatitis Seborrhea
В 3 or РР (Niacin) Niacin 2 coenzyme forms: NAD+ NADP+ Vit. B 3
Витамин B 3 Biological role: • Hydrogen atoms transfer NAD+ + SH 2 NAD·H + S NADP+ + SH 2 NADP·H + S Desorder : pellagra (3 «D» ) • Dermatitis of the exposed to sunlight sites of skin • Dementia • Diarrhea
Витамин B 5 Биологическая роль: • Перенос ацильных групп (Цикл Кребса, обмен ВЖК и пр. ) Pantos!!! Заболевание: • Понос • Дерматит • Остановка роста • Поседение шерсти, аллопеция • Повреждение нервной ткани, почек, надпочечников, сердца
Vit. Bc Вc (Folic acid) Coenzyme form: Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA)
Vit. Bc Biological role: • Переносчик одноуглеродных фрагментов: • Main source of 1 -С units - serine Serine THFA Glycine Methylene-THFA Purine nucleotide d. ТМФ Methyl-THFA В 12 Methionine Homocystin