VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS OF MICRO CHP UNITS COMBINED

VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS OF MICRO CHP UNITS COMBINED WITH ACTIVE COMPONENTS REDUCING PEAK LOADS AND LOAD FLUCTUATIONS Dipl. - Wirtsch. Ing. Phillip Gronstedt Prof. Dr. -Ing. Michael Kurrat FORSCHUNGSVERBUN D ENERGIE NIEDERSACHSEN Energy Research Alliance of Lower Saxony

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an Active Distribution Network n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using Flexible Applications within Households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Idea • Setting up an active distribution network in order to intergrate renewable systems • Using a grid-oriented approach: leveling the load profile – reducing peaks Components Photovoltaic CHP- VPP Grid-Effect Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279 Adaptive Devices El. Storage Systems

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 The situation at the outset was the following Parameters Grid Specifics Residential Area in BS / Germany No. of HC ca. 100 No. of AU ca. 300 Transformers 2 x 630 k. VA Details: HC AU Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279 House Connection Accommodation Unit

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an Active Distribution Network n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using Flexible Applications within Households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Consideration of PV Feed-in PV- Feed in Time [hh: mm] Initial load Incl. PV-Systems 7 k. Wel Penetration Load [k. W] Elec. Load 30% of HC

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an active distribution networks n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using flexible applications within households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Virtual power plant of combined heat and power micro units p Micro CHP units installed with buffer storage and peak load boiler p A developed energy management system, based on a standard communication (IEC 61850), coordinates the use of the virtual power plant by using UMTS-router Central Schedule Management Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Virtual power plant of combined heat and power micro units Grid-oriented operation mode Objective: Peak Shaving and leveling of the overall load profile • The higher the penetration level of micro CHP units, the bigger is the positive effect for the distribution network 30 25 20 15 10 5 2 1 micro CHP micro units unit electrical load in k. W • resulting residential load original residential load time in ¼ h Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an active distribution networks n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using flexible applications within households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Adaptive consumers • Hierarchical Multi-Agent System • Devices are dynamically clustered into pools Dynamic load control of small consumers via pooling Scheduler Defining load shift schedules Cluster of devices Aggregation of appliances Household appliances Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279 Calculate and publish consumpti on statistics Distribution of schedules Perform load shifting schedules

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an Active Distribution Network n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using Flexible Applications within Households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Electric storage systems within an active distribution network p Electro-chemical storage systems with up to 5 k. W and 10 k. Wh are combined with almost every third decentralized power unit. p An algorithm is implemented in MATLAB Simulink with CPLEXSolver to fulfill different operation concepts (grid vs. market) p The study at hand focuses on grid purposes and compares the performance of centrally installed systems (next to transformer) with those that are positioned decentrally (next to power unit). Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279 + ©FFE

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Agenda n Idea of an Active Distribution Network n Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes n Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant n Using Flexible Applications within Households n Integration of el. Storage Systems n Results and Outlook Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Resulting Load Profile Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results and Outlook Smart integration of decentralized power units via VPP combined with strategies for DSM & El. Storage units could improve signifanctly the further use of renewable energy resources and the reduction in grid losses within distribution networks. Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Questions and Answers Dipl. -Wirtsch. -Ing. Phillip Gronstedt Working Group Energy Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute for High Voltage Technology and Electrical Power Systems – elenia Schleinitzstraße 23 | 38106 Braunschweig | Germany Email: p. gronstedt@tu-braunschweig. de Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Simulation of PV feed in p 30% of HC are using PVSystems with 7 k. Wel p PV is implemented by a physical model for solar radiation and a stochastic component for clouding and shadowing effects p Parameter PMPP 180 W IMPP 7, 55 A UMPP 23, 8 V NOCT 48ºC Measurements 166 x 83 x 50 cm (Hx. Bx. T) Input: meteorological data n p SIMULINK-Module Meteomedia, Region Braunschweig/Germany, Year 2009 Three different scenarios partial without with forecasting Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279 Module Specifications