Vikas Nath Founding President The Digital Governance Initiative

Vikas Nath Founding President The Digital Governance Initiative www. Digital. Governance. org G 2 C Vice-President, Commonwealth Centre for Electronic Governance, E-Government: India Generic Models and International Trends Digital Development Initiative Uzbekistan 28 May 2004

Who is the Government for Citizens ? Who are the Citizens for Government ? CITIZENS GOVERNMENT Central Government Courts Women Farmers Home Ministry State Government Municipality Police Customs Senior Citizens Media Taxpayer Rural Population Un. Employed Entrepreneur

G 2 C E-Government is when… Information Technology is used to: n Facilitate CITIZENS interaction with the GOVERNMENT (local / regional / central) n Enhance CITIZENS access to GOVERNMENT / public information n Increase participation of CITIZENS in the GOVERNMENT processes

V i si o n P ro g ressi o n Indicative G 2 C Models Progression…… Integration and Transformation • One-stop Citizen Portal Model Transaction Phase Interactivity Phase • Selective Service Model • Query-Response Model Web Presence Phase • Broadcasting Model Time and Cost

Broadcasting Model Web Presence Phase TI Wider Public Domain ZE NS CITIZENS CI CIT IZE NS General Public Information • Government structure and ministries, and key officials information • Laws, legislations, draft resolutions and bills under discussion • Government budget, plans and expenditures • Government reports, policy papers, speeches and press releases • Contact addresses, working hours of government offices

Examples Mongolia: Open Government http: //open-government. mn Senegal: Government Online http: //www. gouv. sn/ Tanzania: Parliament Online http: //www. parliament. go. tz/ Namibia: Parliamentary Website http: //www. parliament. gov. na Uzbekistan: Portal of the State of Authority http: //www. gov. uz Yemen: Government Online http: //www. yemen. gov. ye

MONGOLIA

TANZANIA

YEMEN

UZBEKISTAN ESTONIA

Key Requirements • Starting point model: Political will and E-champions (top-down guidance) • Information sharing culture (with Government as Role Model) • Digitization of government information • IT Training of government bureaucrats and technocrats • Creation of IT unit / IT position within government offices • Modifying information flow within government offices to ensure that IT units are provided with updated information to be put on the website

Interactivity Phase Query- Response Model Presents comprehensive, updated information frequently demanded / queried by specific users Information A Users A Information B Users B Information C Users C • Information on permits and licenses required, clearances needed for setting up industry, schools, SMEs. • Downloadable forms and applications- driving license, taxes, passports, loans and subsidies • Government jobs information • Corruption information • Flood and storm warnings

Examples South Africa: Government Online http: //www. gov. za/ Ukraine: Government Portal http: //www. kmu. gov. ua Lebanon: Lebanese Government Portal for Information and Forms http: //www. informs. gov. lb/EN/Main/index. asp Azerbaijan (Ministry of Justice): Electronic Database of Civil Status Acts Malaysia: E-Flood Information http: //jps. selangor. gov. my Cameroon: Ministry of Finance and Budget http: //www. impots. gov. cm/

SOUTH AFRICA

UKRAINE

UKRAINE

LEBANON

INDIA

Key Requirements • Interpreting citizens information demand by respective government offices. Eg: health and education ministry, foreign ministry, trade ministry, census bureau • Improving existing online information and providing new information based on feedback • Creation of database-driven electronic repositories • Auditing of information provided online for its authenticity and validity • Investing in IT hardware and software, as many of these websites may be database driven (eg: using Oracle) and may require dedicated webservers

Transaction Phase Selective-Service Model Online form processing, individual-identity/ authenticationbased transactions (initiated by thematic government • Applying for selected offices) government products. Eg: Service X Citizen A Govt. Office X Citizen B Service Y Govt. Office Y Citizen C driving license (Transport Ministry), Passport (Home Ministry), Land registration certificates (Rural Development Ministry) • Payment for goverment services. Eg: taxes, license fees, custom duties • Online voting • Online purchase of government reports • Filing of grievance and queries

Examples Armenia: E-Visa (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) http: //www. armeniaforeignministry. com/ UK: Job Centre Plus (Department for Work and Pensions) http: //www. jobcentreplus. gov. uk/cms. asp? Page=/Home Philippines: Online Marriage, Birth Certificates (City of Manila) http: //www. cityofmanila. com. ph/service. htm India: Payment of Excise / Stamp Duty (Department of Registration and Stamps, Maharashtra) http: //www. mahaigr. org/

ARMENIA

UNITED KINGDOM

PHILIPPINES

Bhoomi Model, Land Registration, INDIA

Key Requirements • Ensuring secure collection, transmission and storage of information - secure databases and servers • Taking steps towards trust-building to assure citizens about privacy, robustness and validity of transactions made online • Redesign of MIS within government offices to amalgamate transactions carried online with offline transactions • Legislative and regulatory framework (Electronic Documents Act, Digital Signatures, Records Management)

Integration and Transformation One-Stop Citizen Portal Model Unifying portal that offers full case handling, decisionmaking and delivery for diverse services Service X Govt. Office X ONE – STOP PORTAL Govt. Office X Citizen A Citizen B Citizen C • Citizen-centred model as an entry point to all interactions with the government • Avenues for making online transactions, making payments for range of government services

Examples Singapore: e. Citizen http: //www. ecitizen. gov. sg/ USA: First Gov http: //www. firstgov. gov/ Malta: Government Information and Services Online http: //www. gov. mt/index. asp? l=2 UK: Direct. Gov http: //www. direct. gov. uk/Homepage/fs/en (Replaces UK Online) Egypt: Government Services Portal http: //www. egypt. gov. eg/ India: Andhra Pradesh State Government Portal http: //www. esevaonline. com/

SINGAPORE

USA

EGYPT

Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

Key Requirements Adoption of ICT in operations of all arms and offices of the Governmentthe parliament, judiciary, state governments, municipalities National level infrastructure and connectivity Information security and crime prevention acts Developing ICT human capital within the country Focus on innovative models and technologies (Wireless applications, SMS, Mobile phones) suitable for the country in delivering Egovernment services

G 2 C E-Government as a Tool for Human Development e-Government leads to increase in Information Access & Flows Information Access Opportunities / Avenues available to individuals to seek information from different sources. For instance: other individuals, institutions, and public domains & databases. Information Flow Supply / Availability of information within a society. Information flows may be 'restricted' in some societies and 'open' in others.

Schematic Representation of Enhanced Information Access and Flow Pre e-Government Society Post e-Government Society citizens If e-Government is to provide CLEAR benefits to the unreached and to the disadvantaged communities, then there is a need to focus on the

End Note: Guidelines for Uzbekistan for developing G 2 C E-Government Projects e-Government Priorities • Who are the Target groups we want to reach out to ? • What are the key government information needs of the Target Group ? • What is the weakest link in the chain of information flows: from source of Information to the Target Communities? • Can E-government deliver new products and services that cannot be delivered by the conventional means ? • Are Government and Citizen ready for full-scale e. Government? Limits of e-Government

End Note: Strategy for Uzbekistan for developing G 2 C EGovernment • Conceive a citizen-centred e-Government approach • Develop geographically rooted e-Government models • Invest in e-Government architecture which is affordable to both government and citizens • Intermediary Creation: Ensure participation in governance sphere is smooth, accessible to all and not time-consuming

For more information: Vikas Nath Founder, The Digital Governance Initiative Vice-President, Commonwealth Centre for Electronic Governance, India http: //www. Digital. Governance. org A network of over 2800 individuals with National Networks in India, Ghana, Nigeria and Nepal. Vikas @ Digital. Governance. org Vikas @ Electronic. Gov. India. net