Vietnam And it s one two three What

Vietnam

And it's one, two, three, What are we fighting for? Don't ask me I don't give a damn, Next stop is Viet Nam And it's five, six, seven, Open up the pearly gates. Ain't no time to wonder why, Whoopee we're all gonna die!

1954 -1975 : R A W M E A R N E T H IE T & E V M O H MZ D

I. Vietnam Before the 60’s A. French Colony since the 1800’s 1. Dien Bien Phu (1954) - last major French outpost to fall to the Vietminh France withdraws from Vietnam

B. North Vietnam: controlled by Vietminh 1. Vietminh: communists 2. Capital: Hanoi 3. Ho Chi Minh: Leader Ho Chi Minh of North Vietnam Z DM

C. South Vietnam: Anti-Communist 1. U. S. ally in the war - To prevent the spread of communism 2. VERY corrupt a. Ngo Dinh Diem: leader of South Vietnam 3. Capital: Saigon Buddhist Monk Protest

South Vietnam North Vietnam Attacks South Vietnam A. DMZ: Demilitarized Zone - U. S. troops did not allow anything to cross B. Ho Chi Minh Trail: - supply lines thru Laos & Cambodia used by the Vietminh to attack South Vietnam MZ D

III. U. S. ’s Vietnam Involvement A. Starts with Eisenhower & Kennedy 1. Military “advisors” are sent 2. U. S. is not officially at war - YET B. U. S. S. Maddox: U. S. destroyer that was “attacked” off the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin C. Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Congress gave LBJ the power to attack Vietnam, but not invade - Not an official declaration of war D. Operation Rolling Thunder (Feb 25 th 1965) - 1 st official bombing of North Vietnam - American soldiers officially start to fight in Vietnam - Still not officially at war a. Trying to prevent WWIII with Chinese and Soviets

IV. Fighting the Vietcong (“Living Room War”) A. Vietcong: South Vietnamese Communists 1. Nickname: Charlie 2. Used Hit-and-Run Tactics a. U. S. soldiers could not tell friends from enemies 3. Hanoi Hannah: Vietnamese women who would read dog tags of captured and killed U. S. soldiers on the radio

WHY?

IV. B. US Tactics 1. Led by General William Westmoreland 2. Napalm: gasoline-based bomb that set fire to the jungle -6. 2 million tons of bombs dropped on Vietna 3. Agent Orange: toxic chemical that killed plan life in the jungle NAPALM

IV. B. 4. Search-and-Destroy Missions: finding and destroying villages suspected of helping the Vietcong a. Going from village to village was nicknamed “Humping the Boonies” b. My Lai Massacre (1968): - U. S. soldiers killed over 506 innocent villagers - Stopped by helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson - Incidents like this is why some soldiers were called ‘Baby Killers’ by some war protestors

IV. C. The Tet Offensive (early ’ 68): 1. Vietminh used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack over 100 towns in S. Vietnam (Including Saigon) 2. The attacks failed 3. Hurt U. S. morale to know that the enemy could attack anywhere at anytime

IV. D. U. S. Withdraws from Vietnam (3/29/73) 1. First war U. S. ever lost 2. Henry Kissinger: one of Nixon’s Advisors a. Nixon’s negotiator with N. Vietnam 3. Fall of Saigon (April 1975): S. Vietnam falls to N. Vietnam US Embassy in Saigon

V. Opposition at Home to the War A. SDS (founded 1959): Students for a Democratic Society 1. Believed corporations & the government have taken the U. S. from the people 2. Believed that the U. S. should not be involved in a Civil War in Vietnam B. Student Protests: occurred on many college campuses

NOT HIPPIES

V. B. 2. Kent State (5/4/70): National Guard sent in to stop protestors from burning the ROTC building on campus a. Gunfire by soldiers injured 9 and killed 4 3. Jackson State (5/14/70): similar event on a black university campus a. 12 wounded and 2 killed

V. C. Hawks vs. Doves 1. Hawks: the U. S. should crush the communists in Vietnam with overwhelming force 2. Doves: the U. S. doesn’t belong in Vietnam ADD to Answers: 26 th Amendment -1971 Lowered voting age from 21 to 18 - 18 year olds were being drafted, but could not vote

V. D. The Draft 1. Draft Exemptions: reasons for not being drafted a. b. c. d. College students (with good grades) Failing a physical Being homosexual Conscientious Objector: opposed the war for religious or moral reasons (hard to prove) 2. Burning Draft Cards: form of protesting 3. 10, 000 Americans fled to Canada to avoid the draft E. Protestors got a lot of attention but were in the minority

VI. Results of Vietnam War A. Casualties 1. 58, 000 U. S. Soldiers killed 2. 365, 000 U. S. Soldiers wounded 3. 1. 5 million Vietnamese deaths B. No Hero’s Welcome for returning soldiers C. Delayed Stress Syndrome: recurring nightmares, flashbacks, headaches, and memory lose 1. Increased due to drug use of soldiers in Vietnam 2. Experienced by 500, 000 returning soldiers

D. Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982): in Washington D. C. E. War Powers Act (1973): the President can only send troops into hostile areas for 90 days without approval on Congress

Volunteers ----Jefferson Airplane Look what's happening out in the streets Got a revolution Got to revolution Hey I'm dancing down the streets Got a revolution Got to revolution Ain't it amazing all the people I meet Got a revolution Got to revolution One generation got old One generation got soul This generation got no destination to hold Pick up the cry Hey now it's time for you and me Got a revolution Got to revolution Come on now we're marching to the sea Got a revolution Got to revolution Who will take it from you We will and who are we We are volunteers of America

FORTUNATE SON (J. C. Fogerty/CCR) Some folks are born made to wave the flag, Ooh, they're red, white and blue. And when the band plays "Hail to the chief", Ooh, they point the cannon at you, Lord, CHORUS It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no senator's son, son. It ain't me, it ain't me; I ain't no fortunate one, no, Yeah! Some folks are born silver spoon in hand, Lord, don't they help themselves, oh. But when the taxman comes to the door, Lord, the house looks like a rummage sale, yes, CHORUS Some folks inherit star spangled eyes, Ooh, they send you down to war, Lord, And when you ask them, "How much should we give? " Ooh, they only answer More! more! yoh,

Turn! - THE BYRDS To everything - turn, turn There is a season - turn, turn And a time for every purpose under heaven A A A A time to to be born, a time to die plant, a time to reap kill, a time to heal laugh, a time to weep To everything - turn, turn There is a season - turn, turn And a time for every purpose under heaven A time down A time to to time of war, a time of peace of love, a time of hate you may embrace to refrain from embracing To everything - turn, turn There is a season - turn, turn And a time for every purpose under heaven A time build up, a time to break A time dance, a time to mourn A time late! cast away stones gather stones together to to to of gain, a time to lose rend, a time to sew love, a time to hate peace, I swear it's not too

"Ohio" - NEIL YOUNG Tin soldiers and Nixon coming, We're finally on our own. This summer I hear the drumming, Four dead in Ohio. Gotta get down to it Soldiers are cutting us down Should have been done long ago. What if you knew her And found her dead on the ground How can you run when you know?

For What It's Worth --- Buffalo Springfield There's something happening here What it is ain't exactly clear There's a man with a gun over there Telling me I got to beware CHORUS I think it's time we stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down There's battle lines being drawn Nobody's right if everybody's wrong Young people speaking their minds Getting so much resistance from behind CHORUS What a field-day for the heat A thousand people in the street Singing songs and carrying signs Mostly say, hooray for our side CHORUS Paranoia strikes deep Into your life it will creep It starts when you're always afraid You step out of line, the man come and take you away CHORUS Stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, now, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down

What's Going On -- Marvin Gaye Mother, mother, there's too many of you crying Brother, brother, there's far too many of you dying You know we'ver got to find a way To bring some lovin' here today, hey Father, father, we don't need to escalate War is not the answer, for only love can conquer hate You know we've got to find a way To bring some lovin' here today CHORUS #1: Picket lines and picket signs Don't punish me with brutality Talk to me, so you can see Oh what's going on, what's going on Yeah, what's going on, ah, what's going on Ahhh. . Mother, mother, everybody thinks we're wrong Ah but who are they to judge us Simply 'cos our hair is long Ah you know we'ver got to find a way To brind some understanding here today CHORUS #2: Picket lines and picket signs Don't punish me with brutality Talk to me, so you can see What's going on, yeah what's going on Tell me what's going on, I'll tell you what's going on

War – War (Edwin Starr) Chorus War, huh, yeah What is it good for Absolutely nothing Uh-huh Ohhh, war, I despise Because it means destruction Of innocent lives War means tears To thousands of mothers eyes When their sons go to fight And lose their lives Chorus War, it ain't nothing but a heartbreaker War, friend only to the undertaker Peace, love and understanding Tell me, is there no place for them today They say we must fight to keep our freedom But Lord knows there's got to be a better way It's an enemy to all mankind The point of war blows my mind War has caused unrest Within the younger generation Induction then destruction Who wants to die Chorus Ooooh, war, has shattered Many a young mans dreams Made him disabled, bitter and mean Life is much to short and precious To spend fighting wars these days War can't give life It can only take it away Chorus

Come on all of you big strong men Feel Like I'm Fixin’ To Die Rag Uncle Sam needs your help again By: Country Joe & the Fish he's got himself in a terrible jam way down yonder in Viet Nam so (CHORUS) put down your books and pick up a gun we're gonna have a whole lotta fun Come on wall street don't be slow (CHORUS) why man this war is a go-go And it's one, two, three, what are we fighting for there's plenty good money to be made by don't ask me I don't give a damn, next stop is supplying the army with the tools of its Viet Nam trade And it's five, six, seven, open up the pearly gates let's hope and pray that if they drop the ain't no time to wonder why, whoopee we're all bomb, gonna die they drop it on the Viet Cong Come on generals, let's move fast your big chance has come at last now you can go out and get those reds cos the only good commie is the one that's dead and you know that peace can only be won when we've blown 'em all to kingdom come (CHORUS) Come on mothers throughout the land pack your boys off to Viet Nam come on fathers don't hesitate send your sons off before it's too late and you can be the first ones on your block to have your boy come home in a box