very A Brief History of Interactivity ^ in Performance ^ ^ ist tad a PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIO Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 1
Pre-Human Interactive Performance? Download Video File from http: //www. schubincafe. com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/05/ CCRMA_World_Opera_Whale. Song_Slide 2. wmv CLICK MOUSE TO ADVANCE TO NEXT SLIDE The Oceania Project http: //songlinesofthewhales. org/ Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 2
Perhaps Not n n Speed of sound in water ~ 0. 92 miles/second Singer 100 miles away hears song 92 seconds late & response arrives another 92 seconds later, more than three minutes! Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Onde_compression_impulsion_1 d_30. gif Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 3
Human Communication Frederick Remington Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 4
Jack Johnson v. Jim Jeffries Reno, NV, 1910 Result learned within hours by explorer Thomas Cameron Taylor in central Africa 180 miles from the nearest telegraph line Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 drum “telegraph” Assam, India 5
Map of High. Speed Wireless Communications System in France Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 6
The Original Telegraph: 1793 -1852 (-1880 in Sweden) replacing existing infrastructure is difficult! Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 7
Harmonic telegraph, 1874 Telegraph-controlled puppet, 1851 Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 8
The New York Times, April 3, 1877 Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 9
“The operator in Providence plays the banjo, the Worcester operator the harmonica, and gently the others sing. Some tune will be started by the players and the other will sing. To appreciate the effect, one must have a transmitter close to his ear. The music will sound as clear as though it were in the same room. ” Boston Evening Record, about an 1891 concert organized by operators in Worcester, Fall River, Boston, Springfield, Providence and New York Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 10
Satellite Arts Project 1977 n n n Kit Galloway & Sherrie Rabinowitz NASA facilities GEO delay ~ ¼-second http: //ecafe. com/getty/table. html Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 11
AES ISDN Concert 1995 n n n APT codecs Jesse Rae, Scottish Borders Dan Dean, Seattle Angus Clark, New York Audience in New York Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 12
An Olympic Thought The five Olympic rings represent the five continents; why not open the 1998 Games with choruses singing together on five continents? Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 13
Distributed But Not Interactive n Nagano Winter Olympics 1998 orchestra in concert hall fed n choruses in Beijing, Berlin, Cape Town, Nagano, New York, & Sydney with multi-hop satellite delays, which fed n Olympics stadium after frame-rate conversion & multi-hop satellite delays, where 2000 chorus & 50, 000 spectators sang with speaker delays to 228. 25 ms n Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 http: //arte. sc-a. jp/3 w/ardbf/olympic 98/index_e. html 14
Speeds n Light n 299, 792, 458 m/s in a vacuum n n (~186, 282 MPH) slower in denser media n Sound ~ 185, 000 m/s in an optical fiber 0 in a vacuum n n no sound in a pure vacuum faster in denser media n ~ 343 m/s in dry, room-temp. air n n n ~ 1484 m/s in water ~ 5120 m/s in iron n pulse dispersion Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 ~ 1125 ft/s “I have, by the help of a distended wire propagated the sound to a very considerable distance in an instant” – Robert Hooke, Micrographia 15
Circus Maximus, Ancient Rome 2037 ft. long speed of sound ~ 1125’/s ~1. 8 sec. one end to other Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 16
Metropolitan Opera House about three US TV frames of acoustic delay Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 more than four US TV frames of acoustic delay 17
n Stockholm-Palo Alto: 5379 miles direct n ~ 29 ms for light in a vacuum acoustically equivalent to about a 33 -foot separation n Metropolitan Opera proscenium is 54 feet across n n unfortunately, no direct vacuum pipe n n add fiber delay, routing delay, processing delay: ~123 ms, 138 feet Porgy and Bess will be pretty far apart! Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 18
Let’s See! This presentation will be available soon in the “Get the Download” section of Schubin. Cafe. com This concludes this presentation. Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 19
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